Mukutanga kwezana remakore, sezvo nyika yeCatalan yaiedza kupora kubva kuchirwere chinoparadza chephylloxera, chizvarwa chevagadziri vezvivakwa chakabuda vakashandura zvachose kugadzira waini. Pakarepo, zvisviniro zvekare uye dzimba dzepapurazi dzechinyakare dzakabva dzaenda hombe cooperative wineries ine modernist kunzwayakagadzirirwa zvose zviri zviviri kubudisa pamwero mukuru uye kushamisa munhu upi noupi akauya kuzodziona.
Zvivakwa izvi, izvo vazhinji vakabhabhatidza se "makathedrals ewaini"Aive mhedzisiro yejoka rakanyanya: dambudziko rehupfumi, kusimba kwekushandira pamwe, hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza, uye tarenda rekugadzira. Pakati peizvi zvose, nhamba inokosha inobuda: mugadziri. César (Cèsar) Martinell, mudzidzi akananga waGaudÃ, uyo aiziva kushandura zvinodiwa nevarimi kuita zvinoshamisa uye, panguva imwe chete, zvivako zvinoshanda zvikuru.
Mamiriro ezvinhu: kubva padambudziko re phylloxera kusvika pakusimuka kwekubatana
Mushure mekuparadzwa kwakakonzerwa ne phylloxera, varimi veCatalan vakafunga kuti yaive nguva yekumira kuchema uye vakawana mhinduro chaiyo mumakorasi: sangana kuti ubudise wainikuderedza mari uye kuwana simba pamusoro pevamiriri. Bazi rezvekurima rakabva pakushanda roga roga kuenda pakuronga pamwe chete.
Mumakore gumi echipiri ezana remakore rechi20, sangano iri rekubatana rakabata zvakasimba, kunyanya mukati meTarragona uye munzvimbo dzakadai seTerra Alta, uko. Nzvimbo zhinji dzewaini dzichangovakwa dzekurima dzakavambwa.Panzvimbo pekuvandudza, varimi vakatendeukira kune vavaki vanogona kutora dambudziko iri, vachisanganisa pfungwa dzeindasitiri ne mutauro wemazuva ano izvo zvakabudirira mumaguta.
Architects vanoda César Martinell naPere Domènech (mwanakomana weaipembererwa LluÃs Domènech i Montaner) ainzwisisa kuti kumaruwa kwaida zvinopfuura kungoita mashedhi ekuchengetera. Zvakanga zviri zvekugadzira nzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwewaini yakawandanemamiriro ehutsanana akanaka, kufefetedza, mwenje wechisikigo uye zvimiro zvinogona kumira matani emunofanira pasina kurasikirwa nekugadzikana.
Nokudaro, nzvimbo yekurima yakatanga kugarwa nevanhu Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwekurimaIzvi zvaisanganisira zvigayo zvewaini, zvigayo zveoiri, zvisviniro zvemiorivhi, uye kunyange zvigayo zvefurawa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakatenderedza makumi mashanu zvivakwa zvakadaro zvakavakwa muCatalonia, mazhinji acho ave kutorwa sematombo echokwadi enhaka.
Pakati pavo vese, iyo cooperative wineries ye Gandesa naEl Pinell de Brai, muTerra Alta, uye zvakare Nulles winery, muCamp de Tarragona, mareferensi echokwadi eichi chivakwa uye oenological chiitiko chinozoguma chagamuchira zita re "waini macathedrals".
César Martinell, mudzidzi waGaudà akaunza zvemazuva ano kumaruwa
Munhu wepakati munyaya iyi pasina mubvunzo ndiCésar Martinell, mudzidzi, shamwari, uye mukurumbira mukuru weGaudÃ. Haana kungomuziva chete uye akashanda pamwe chete naye, asi akanyatso dzidza nzira dzake uye akadzishandura kuti dzienderane neicho chaicho chakasiyana: iyo zvekurima uye cooperative architecture.
Pakati pa1918 na1924, Martinell akawana nguva yake yakanyanyisa semuvaki wekumaruwa. Mumakore iwayo Akagadzira zvivako zvinoda kusvika makumi mashanu zvakabatana nenyika yekurima, zvikurukuru nzvimbo dzokugadzira waini, zvigayo zveoiri, zvisviniro zvemiorivhi, uye kunyange chigayo chefurawa. Akave nyanzvi inotungamira mukugadzira zvivakwa zveindasitiri huru yekurima.
Mumunda weindasitiri oenology, Martinell aifanira kutsvaga mareferensi kunze kweSpain. Aifamba, akatsvakurudza, uye aibvunza zvakananga kuvarimi.Kuzvionera wega mashandiro avakaita uye kuti chii chaizvo chavaida kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwewaini nemafuta emuorivhi. Kuteerera uku kwakange kwakakosha pakubudirira kwevanogadzira waini.
Kunyangwe iye nguva dzose yakabatana nemazuva ano Nemhaka yekubatana kwake naGaudÃ, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvuma izvozvo Martinell inokodzerawo mubato reNoucentismeChimiro chayo chinosanganisa imwe classicism, mitsetse yakachena uye chishuwo chakajeka chekurerutsa zviri pamutemo neanowanzo GaudÃ-esque nzira dzekuvaka, senge catenary arches uye zvidhinha vaults.
Mhedzisiro iyi mutauro wekuchinja, pakati pakati peGaudÃ-yakafuridzirwa yemazuva ano uye yakanyanya kurongeka yeNoucentisme. Izvo zvimiro pachazvo zvinova zvekushongedza., pasina kuwandisa nezvishongo zvisingabhadharwi kana zvifukidzo zvekugadzira zvinovanza hurongwa hwekuvaka.
Nheyo dzeMartinell's architecture yezvekurima
Mumawineri ake emubatanidzwa, Martinell akashandisa nhevedzano yemisimboti yakajeka: kushanda, hupfumi uye aestheticsKwakanga kusiri kwekuvaka zvivakwa zvakanaka chete, asi nezvekuita kuti zvishande mukufarira hukuru hwekugadzira waini.
Kubva pakuona kwekushanda, ndakanga ndichitarisa akapamhama, anofefeterwa zvakanaka, anovhenekerwa zvakanaka ane manejimendi akanaka ekupisaChinangwa chaive chekudzivirira kupisa kubva pakukuvadza waini, kudzora kuvirisa, uye kufambisa kubuda kwemagasi pasina kuisa mungozi chigadzirwa kana vashandi.
Kana zviri zvehupfumi, zvinhu zvakanga zvakamirawo. Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, Zvinhu zvakaita sehuni zvakabva zvanyanya kudhuraIzvi zvakavamanikidza kuwana mhinduro dzakachipa uye dzinoshanda. Martinell akatendeukira kune zvechinyakare uye zvemuno zviwanikwa izvo zvakavatendera kuchengetedza pamitengo pasina kupira mhando kana kuchengeteka.
Nokudaro, akasarudza semi-akavigwa madhishi uye hoppersuyo akanga asingade kunyanyozviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye nokuda kwevose vari pose-pose Catalan vaultYakanga iri nzira yakareruka uye ine hupfumi yaisada fomu rakaomarara kana basa rine hunyanzvi. Yakanga iri nzira inokurumidza, yakasimba yekuvaka, yakanyatsoenderana nemamiriro ekumaruwa.
Kushandiswa kwe zvidhinha nematombo Yakapedzisa ensemble. Sezvo dzaive midziyo yemunharaunda, mutengo wavo wakaderera uye, uyezve, iwo anoenderana zvakakwana neaesthetics yaaitsvaga: akasimba matombo ematombo pachigadziko, akafumura zvidhinha madziro uye makuru emugadzirirwo arches akapa rhythm uye kunaka kune facades.
Parabolic arches, vaults uye chiedza: Siginicha yaGaudà mumawineri
Iwo emazuva ano wineries akabatana naMartinell anokurumidza kuoneka neavo hombe parabolic kana catenary archesiyo inotsigira denga uye inotsanangura silhouette ye naves. Ndiyo mhinduro yakajeka yakafuridzirwa naGaudÃ, asi yakagadziriswa kunyika yekumaruwa uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa.
Munzvimbo dzakaita seEl Pinell de Brai cooperative kana Nulles winery, aya arch anosanganiswa ne masipanire ane maburi anotendera kuti chiedza chipfuurekugadzira pfungwa yekureruka isina kujairika muzvivako zvehuwandu hwakadaro. Kunyangwe iwo ari mahombe zvimiro, mukati haanzwe kurema kana kusviba.
Kudzokororwa kweaya arch, akawedzera kune iyo midziyo yezvidhina yakavhara navesZvinogadzira mhepo inenge inoera. Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika kuti munyori wemitambo Àngel Guimerà akazotaura nezvemawineri aya se "Cathedral of Wine," zita rakabatwa zvakanyanya zvekuti nhasi rinoshandiswa kutaura nezvese zvivakwa izvi zvakakura.
Mukuwedzera kune kupindirana kwema arches uye vaults, zvinotevera zvinowanzoonekwa mahwindo makuru efomati iyo inovimbisa kuvhenekera kwakanaka kwechisikigo, chimwe chinhu chakakosha munzvimbo dzinobatwa zvinwiwa, matangi, uye muchina. Kumira kwemadziro, kureba kwenave, uye zvidhinha zvinosimbisa pfungwa yetemberi yakatsaurirwa kuwaini.
Pane mamwe ma facades, kurongeka kwechimiro kunowedzerwa Ceramic details kana yakangwara yekushongedza zvinhu, kazhinji basa revanyori vakaita seceramist Xavier Nogués, avo vanopa ruvara uye kubata kwekuseka pasina kuputsa pfungwa inovaka yezvose.
Iyo cooperative winery sechishandiso chemagariro uye zvehupfumi
Seri kwechivakwa chinokatyamadza ichi pane chokwadi chechokwadi: kudiwa kwevarimi kuti batanidza macooperative kuti urarame uye kukwikwidza mumusika uri kuwedzera kudiwa. Aya mawineri akanga asiri ezvekunaka; vakanga vari musimboti wepurojekiti yenzanga neyoupfumi.
Kudanwa Modernist Winery kana Celler Cooperatiu Zvakabuda chaizvo kupa chimiro chemuviri kune iyi nzira nyowani yekuronga kugadzirwa. Varimi vakanga vasisakwanise kutakura mutengo wega wega wekugadzira waini mumaindasitiri uye vakasarudza kugadzira mibatanidzwa yezvekurima nemabhanga ekumaruwa aibata pamwe chete kugadzirwa uye kutengeswa kwewaini.
Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi ndewe "Mubatanidzwa wekurima uye Rural Savings Bank yeSant Medir" muSant Cugat, yakatangwa muna 1921. Yainyanya kuunganidza varidzi vaduku nepakati, pamwe chete nevaridzi, vakazvipira kurima mizambiringa uye kugadzirwa kwewaini, nezvinangwa zvakajeka zvakarongwa mumitemo yayo.
Pakati pezvinangwa zvake pane matikiti emwaka anodhuraKuwanikwa kwemichina yekurima, kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekudyidzana yakagovaniswa, uye kudzikiswa kwekushungurudzwa kuri muhurongwa hwe capitalist, iyo yaiwanzoranga vagadziri vadiki, zvaive pakati pezvinangwa zvakakosha. Nheyo ye "munhu mumwechete, vhoti imwe" yakanangana nekuona hutongi hwegutsaruzhinji uye hwakaenzanirana.
Mukuita, nzira yacho yakanga isiri nyore. Paive nekunetsana kwemukati uye kuedza kwevamwe varidzi veminda vakakura kudzora mubatanidzwaIzvi zvakazvitsaura kubva pachiyero ichocho chekuenzanisa. Izvi zvakakonzera kusimuka kwevamwe vadyidzani vane mari yakakura uye vakasiya chirongwa ichi chiri mumamiriro emari asina kusimba, zvekuti komisheni yakapihwa Martinell muna 1921 haina kukwanisa kupedzwa zvizere.
Iyo yemazuva ano winery yeSant Cugat: basa rakachengetedzwa zvishoma
Chivako chinogona kuonekwa nhasi muSant Cugat chete chikamu chekare chemazuva ano winery yakagadzirwa naMartinellChikamu chikuru chayo chakaputswa muna 1994, uye chidimbu chete chinoramba chakamira, chichitibvumira kuona mhinduro dzakashandiswa nemuvaki.
Kunyangwe kutarisisa kwekukurumidza kunogona kuratidza yakangwara yemazuva ano, painotarisisa, zvinotevera zvinoonekwa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanyatsobatanidzwa nemaitiro iwayo: catenary arches, vaults mune zvivakwa, pachena zvidhinha uye matombo ematombo pazasi pemafacade, ese ari maitiro echikoro cheGaudÃ.
Zvakangodaro, Martinell anowanzo kutaurwa seanoti noucentistaZvamazvirokwazvo nokuti mutauro wake wakapfava, une mufungo, uye unodzorwa. Kubatana naGaudà kunonzwisiswa nenzira yaanoshanda nayo nemafomu ezvimiro uye mune mamwe misimboti inovaka, asi pasina kuwira mukunakisa kwekushongedza.
Mune ino winery muSant Cugat, sevamwe nemugadziri mumwe chete, zvinhu zvekushongedza ndiwo mhedzisiro yakanangana nehurongwa hwehurongwa: Mapango, arches, uye vaults pachazvo zvinoshanda sekushongedza.Pasina embellishment kana superfluous layers. Hapana zvifukidzo zvekuvanza kuti madziro anotsigirwa sei; zvese zvinoonekwa.
Winery yakashanda zvakajairika kusvika 1988, gore iro Waini yekupedzisira yakagadzirwaKubva ipapo zvichienda mberi zvakatanga kusashandiswa, uye makore mashoma gare gare kwakauya kuparadzwa kwechikamu, uko kwakasiya chete vhoriyamu yatingafunga nhasi seuchapupu hweiyo danho rekushandira pamwe.
Nulles: iyo Wine Cathedral muCamp de Tarragona
Pakati peese emabasa aMartinell, iyo Nulles winery, inozivikanwa seCathedral yewainiYakawana nzvimbo yakatanhamara. Ndiwo mumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisa yemazuva ano inoshandiswa pakuvaka kwekurima uye yakazivikanwa seCultural Asset yeNyika Kufarira zvichitevera kudzoreredzwa kwayo.
Iyo facade yayo inonyanya kushamisa: mbiru yebwe refu Iyo inoratidzira kukwirira kunobatanidza vertical zvidhinha pilaster neyakapenya ceramic zvidimbu. Uyu musanganiswa wemaumbirwo uye mavara unosimbisa pfungwa ye monumentality pasina kurasikirwa neiyo yakakosha yemaitiro logic.
Maparabolic arches anotsigira denga anoumba mukati me nave uye anobvumira a yakakura amplitude pasina kudiwa kwembiru dzepakati dzinotadzisa basa. Nzvimbo yacho yakarongeka nezvose zviri zviviri kutenderera kwewaini uye kwevashandi mupfungwa.
Asi iyo Nulles Winery haina kungoshamisa nekunaka kwayo. Martinell akava nechokwadi chokuti yakasangana nemamiriro ese anodiwa ekuita winemaking inoshanda: kufefetera kwakanaka, kureba kwakakwana kwekubata matangi, kudzora kwemafuta uye kurongeka kunonzwisisika kunofambisa mabasa ezuva nezuva.
Nhasi, kushanya kuNulles kunobvumidza iwe kuti uwane nhoroondo, hunyanzvi, uye kugadzira winemaking zvese munzvimbo imwechete. Kugadzirwa kunoenderera mberi, kunyangwe nemavhoriyamu akachinjirwa kune iripo ikozvino, uye winery yave zvakare nzvimbo yekushanyirwa kwewaini uko kushanya kunotungamirirwa uye kuravira kwewaini nemafuta kubva munharaunda kunorongwa.
Gandesa naEl Pinell de Brai: zvidhori zvemazuva ano zveTerra Alta
MuTerra Alta, macooperatives e Gandesa naEl Pinell de Brai Iyi ingangove mienzaniso inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeaya macathedrals ewaini. Ose ari maviri ibasa raMartinell uye anonyatso kufukidza kunzwisisa kwake kwezvekurima zvivakwa.
Izvi zvikepe zvikuru zve kuisa vhoriyamu uye kusimba kwakanyanyaYakavakwa zvakanyanya nezvidhinha uye yakavhurika kune kunze kuburikidza nemahwindo makuru anobvumira mwenje wechisikigo kufashama nzvimbo yemukati, zvivakwa zvakare zvinoratidzira hofori parabolic arches iyo inotonga chimiro uye kugadzira mhepo ingangoita yechitendero.
Injiniya Isidre Campllonch akashanda pamwe naMartinell Mune aya mapurojekiti, isu tinopa tekinoroji mhinduro kuti ive nechokwadi chekufefetedza kwakaringana uye kukwana kwakakwana kwewaini kubva pakupisa. Matangi anosanganisira maaeration chamber kuchengetedza zvirimo uku achibvumirawo kubviswa kwemagasi anogadzirwa panguva yekuvirisa.
Izvi zvivakwa zvinokatyamadza nemusanganiswa wavo wemaindasitiri uye zvinoera: Dzinotaridzika kunge temberi, asi dzakagadzirirwa basa.Nekudaro, Guimerà akagadzira izwi rekuti "Cathedrals of Wine" kureva kwavari, zvichiratidza mutsauko neJerez wineries uye kuratidza kusarudzika kwavo mukati meCatalan landscape.
Pafaçade yeEl Pinell de Brai cooperative, a hombe ceramic frieze, basa raXavier Noguésiyo inoratidza mabasa anosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kwewaini nemafuta emuorivhi ane kakati kakati kacho. Uku kubata kwehunyanzvi kunowedzera hunhu kune chivakwa icho, kunyangwe chichishanda, hachiregere chiratidzo kana aesthetics.
"Waini Cathedrals": tsananguro uye hunhu hwekuvaka
Muchirevo cheCatalan, imba huru yemubatanidzwa yakavakwa mumutauro weCatalan inonzi "cathedral yewaini". chazvino uno, dzinenge pakati pa1910 na1920. Izwi iri rakatanga kubuda rakabatana nemubatanidzwa wel'Espluga de Francolà ndokuzopararira kuGandesa, Nulles nemamwe ma wineries akafanana.
A common feature is the organisation of the central body into matura maviri makuru evatsiyakafukidzwa neparabolic arches uye zvidhinha vaults. Iwo maarches akarongedzerwa perpendicular kumusuwo wekupinda, achigadzira yakanyatso chiratidzo chemukati mutinhiro unoyeuchidza, kunyangwe pachiyero chakasiyana, chenaves yechechi.
Izvo zvivako zviviri zvinowanzova nematenga pahupamhi hwakasiyana, izvo zvinobvumira denga rakavhurika kana mahwindo akakwirira nokuda kwekupinda kwechiedza uye zvinoreva kuti zvivharo zvedenga hazvifaniri kunge zvakakura, nokudaro kuderedza huwandu hwezvinhu uye huremu hwose hwechimiro.
Seri kwezvikepe zviviri izvi, imwe inowanzowanikwa yechitatu nave, kureba uye nheteIyo nzvimbo, yakafukidzwa neyechinyakare vault, inoshandiswa kugamuchira mazambiringa. Apa ndipo panosvika muchero wakakohwewa usati waendeswa kumagati ekuvirisa nematangi.
Kunze, pedyo nemugwagwa, ivo vanowanzowanikwa yakasimbiswa kongiri canopies inodzivirira hoppers panoturwa mazambiringa. Matangi emvura, anoyeuchidza shongwe dzemabhero uye kusimbisa fananidzo nemakereke echitendero, anotsigirwa nemadziro eimba yekugamuchira.
Sezvinhu zvekushongedza, zvakajairika kuwana glazed ceramic gargoyles, matombo maduku anoshongedza matangi kana nhovo dzekubatana dzakagadzirwawo nekeramic, dzakadai senhovo yakagadzirwa naXavier Nogués yeimwe yezvivako izvi, yakaparadzwa munguva yehondo uye gare gare yakatsiviwa neshanduro yakaderera.
Iwo hukuru hukuru, kusimba, uye kuvapo kweiyo bell tower-senge matangi emvura anoita zvivakwa izvi. Ivo vari kumanikidza zvese mukati nekunze.vachitsigira zvizere zita remadunhurirwa remakathedrari ewaini idzo vakachengeta nanhasi.
Raimat uye yemazuva ano yekurima koloni: imwe huru Gaudà nyaya
Beyond Martinell, nyika yemazuva ano wineries yakabatana nevadzidzi vaGaudà ine chimwe chitsauko chinonakidza mu. Raimat, mudunhu reLleidaImomo, mune yaichimbova nzvimbo isina upenyu, isingabereki, nzvimbo yokurima yakavakwa inobatanidza utopia inokura waini uye vavariro yokuvaka.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, nzvimbo yacho yakanga iri a nyika isina vanhu uye isina chinhukukanganwika kubva kuCatalan Revolt. Zvose zvakashanduka apo muzvinabhizimisi Manuel Raventós Domènech, yakabatana nesaga reCodornÃu, yakatenga mahekita 3.200 emunyu uye yakasarudza kuashandura zvachose.
Raventós akafungidzira anenge Makiromita 100 emigero yekudiridza yekudiridza ndimaAkadyara mamiriyoni emiti ndokutanga kurima minda yemizambiringa pasina aifunga kuti zvaibvira. Asi akanga asingagutsikane nemamiriro okurima chete; aida kuti nzvimbo yacho ivewo nekuvapo kwekuvaka kunoshamisa.
Pfungwa yake yekutanga yaive yekuenda zvakananga kuna Antoni GaudÃ, uyo panguva iyoyo aive akatarisana chete neiyo Sagrada FamiliaMugadziri kubva kuReus, zvisinei, akaramba komisheni nekuti ainyatso tarisa pane yake magnum opus, kunyangwe asina kusiya Raventós isina mhinduro.
Gaudhi akakurudzira mumwe wevadzidzi vake vakangwara kwaari, Joan Rubió naBellverRubió, munhu akakosha we "chizvarwa chechipiri" chaGaudÃ, akagamuchira dambudziko uye akatora dhizaini yekoni yezvekurima, achigadzira imba yewaini, chechi, uye dzimba.
Iyo Raimat Winery: yemazuva ano, kongiri uye kathedral mweya
Muna 1918, Rubió akasimudza Raimat winery, inoonekwa seyekutanga yakasimbiswa kongiri chivakwa muSpain kushandiswa kune rudzi urwu rwekushandisa. Ichi chivako chikuru chakareba mamita 150, uko maungira emutauro weGaudà wekuvaka anoonekwa zvakanyanya.
Mukati, parabolic arches, buttresses uye mareferensi eGothic Vanoumba nzvimbo inomutsa kathedral, asi yakatsaurirwa waini kwete yehumwari. Iyo kongiri chimiro chinosanganiswa nezvimwe zvechinyakare zvinhu, zvichigadzira yakasimba uye inoratidzika inoshamisa ensemble.
Makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1922, Rubió akapedza musangano wacho nekuvaka Chechi yeMwoyo Unoyera uye kugadzira dzimba dzevatorwa. Neiyi nzira, Raimat yakarega kuve iri nyore yakapararira yekurima pekugara ndokuva koloni yakarongwa muchimiro chefekitori makoloni eLlobregatasi akatarira kuruwa neminda yemizambiringa.
Iko kusimukira kwaisanganisira chikoro, mubatanidzwa, uye masevhisi akasiyana, ese akabatanidzwa nekuvaka kwakabatanidza mashandiro uye zvemazuva ano. Rubió akave nechokwadi chekuti purojekiti yaive nekubatana kwese, kuitira kuti Nzvimbo dzekurima uye dzakavakwa dzichabatana kuita rondedzero imwe chete.
Nhasi, kushanyira Raimat ndiko kufamba nepakati dhorobha reCatalan chete rakazvarwa kubva kuhurongwa hwakazara hwemazuva ano inoshandiswa kunyika dzekumaruwa. Imba yewaini, chechi uye dzimba dzinochengeta iyo isina kunanga GaudÃ-esque mhepo, mhedzisiro yeruoko rwemudzidzi aiziva kududzira mweya watenzi pasina kudzokorora izwi nezwi.
Mukuwedzera, vashanyi vanogona kunakidzwa newaini yakazara yekushanya chiitiko, ne waini kubva kuDO Costers del Segre uye nharaunda inoratidza kuti chiono chekuda chinzvimbo chingashandura sei renje kuti rive nzvimbo yeminda yemizambiringa uye zvivakwa zvakasiyana.
Uyu muunganidzwa wose wemawineri emazuva ano, mubatanidzwa wekumaruwa, uye makoroni ezvekurima akagadzirwa nevadzidzi vaGaudà anoratidza kuti zvivakwa zvakakwanisa sei kupindura kune dambudziko mumaruwa, zvichigadzira zvivakwa uko Kubudirira kwekuita, hupfumi hwezvenzira, uye monumental aesthetics zvinofambidzanaKubva kuNulles kuenda kuGandesa, uchipfuura nemuSant Cugat kana Raimat, macathedrals ewaini aya achiri kumira sechiyeuchidzo chekuti nyika yekumaruwa inogonawo kuve nzvimbo yemabasa makuru ehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza.
