Tsika dzevaMayan dzakasiya mucherechedzo wakadzama munhoroondo yeMesoamerica, uye tsika dzavo dzinogara dzichibva pakudzidza, kushamisika uye kuyemurwa. Pasinei nekuparadzwa uye kurasikirwa kwedzimwe tsika nekuda kweEuropean colonization, nekuda kwekuchera matongo uye zvidzidzo zvekare, ruzivo rwakakura rwakawanikwa nezve hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tsika nekutenda kwevaMayans. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora zvakadzama tsika dzavo kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakufa, kusanganisira maitiro avo erunako nechitendero, izvo zvairatidza hunhu hwavo hwemweya.
Iyo horoscope uye kuberekwa muMayan tsika
Kubva panguva yakazvarwa mwana, vaMayans vakamukomba nemitambo yakakosha. Vaitenda zvakasimba kuti nzvimbo yemapuraneti nenyeredzi yakapesvedzera zvikuru magumo azvo. Nyeredzi idzi dzakabvunzurudzwa nevapristi vaiva nenyanzvi, avo vakataura kuti rakanga riri zuva rakanaka rokutumidza mwana achangoberekwa zita, zvichibva pakuongorora nyeredzi. Uku kubvunzana nenyeredzi kunoratidza hukama hwakadzama hwaive nemaMayans nechadenga, mavakatora mhinduro kwete nezvekuzvarwa chete, asiwo nezvezviitiko zvakakosha muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.
Kuberekwa mune tsika dzeMayan
Imwe tsika yekuzvarwa inokatyamadza nemaitiro emazuva ano yaive nzira iyo vakadzi veMayan vakazvara. Panguva yebasa, vakazvisungirira patambo yakarembera padanda, ndokuramba vakagwinha gwinha makumbo avo. Murume wacho akaita basa rinoshingaira panguva ino: akamumbundira kubva kumashure, achifuridzira pamusoro wake. Iyi nzira yakanga ine revo yokufananidzira, sezvo kwaidavirwa kuti nemhepo nesimba romunhu, mwana aigona kuberekwa nyore nyore. Uyezve, mwarikadzi Ixchel, airemekedzwa samwarikadzi wembereko, akapinzwa mutsika iyi, achiratidza kuti chitendero uye kunamata kwaipindirana sei muzvinhu zvose zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Cranial deformation
La cranial deformation Ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa maitiro eMayan uye panguva imwechete yakaoma kunzwisisa kubva pakuona kwemazuva ano. Mazuva mashomanana pashure pokuberekwa, vana vakaita muitiro umo mapuranga aiiswa pamisoro yavo, rimwe pahuma uye rimwe kumusana. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti zvigadzirise chimiro chedehenya, kurirebesa mukuedza kutevedzera chimiro chavaiona sechakanaka uye chinoyevedza. Kune vaMayans, kushanduka uku kwaisangova chiratidzo cherunako, asiwo chiito chechitendero chakagadzirirwa kukwezva kutarisa kwevanamwari kuvana vemhuri.
Strabismus kana squint
Parizvino, strabismus (squint) inoonekwa sechirema cheziso chinogadziriswa nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, kuvaMaya, kuva nemaziso asina kunaka kwaionekwa sechiratidzo chekusiyanisa uye runako. Vanaamai veMayan vaiwanzoturika tubhora tuduku mubvudzi revana raiwira pameso avo. Kufamba kwebhora nguva dzose kwakakonzera kuti vana vatange strabismus, iyo, kure nekururamiswa, yakatsvakwa sechiratidzo chekunakisa chinonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevaMayan elites.
Mayan dhizaini bvudzi
Hairstyle yakaitawo basa rakakosha munharaunda yeMayan. Vakadzi vaisunga vhudzi ravo mumabhurukwa maviri, rimwe kudivi rimwe nerimwe remusoro, nepo varume vaiwanzoita ushingi nezvitaera zvavo. Vamwe varume vaingoveura musoro chete, vamwe vakatosvika pakupisa vhudzi vachisiya mabhebhi avakazosunga neuta kuti chitarisiko chavo chipere. Rudzi urwu rwebvudzi rwakanga rusiri fashoni chete; Kwakanga kuri kuratidzirwa kwechimiro chenzanga uye, muzviitiko zvizhinji, chiratidzo chezvitendero zvavo zvomudzimu.
Kubaya mhino
Kuboora muviri mutsika dzeMaya kwaive nerevo yakadzama yechitendero neyemagariro. Nepo mune dzimwe budiriro kuboora kwaingove kushongedza, pakati pevaMaya chiitiko ichi chakawana chirevo chemweya. Vatongi nevadikanwi vavo ndivo vaiwanzoboora mhino dzavo, vachiisa matombo anokosha akaita seamber imomo. Chiito ichi hachina kungovapa chimiro chakasiyana, asi yaive nzira yekuratidza chimiro chavo chepamusoro uye kubatana kune vamwari.
Mazino akachekwa
Kuchengetwa kwemazino, munguva dzemazuva ano, kunotarisana nekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemeno. Zvisinei, vaMayans vaiva nemafungiro akasiyana zvachose. Imwe yemaitiro akanyanya kushamisa, uye inorwadza kubva pamaonero edu, yaive yekuisa mazino musaha. Pamusoro pezvo, madhisiki madiki ejade kana obsidian akaiswa mumazino avo sechikamu chetsika yekunakisa. Kwavari, kuchekeresa mazino uku kwaiva muitiro wokunakisa zvikuru wakavabatanidzawo navamwari kupfurikidza nokushandisa matombo anokosha.
Kuroorana munzanga yeMayan
Muchato pakati pevaMayans chaive chiitiko chakakosha mumagariro nehupfumi. Mhuri dzaishandiswa kuronga michato kuburikidza nemutambi, anozivikanwa seatanzahab. Mibatanidzwa yacho yakanga isinganyanyi kuvakirwa parudo, asi pamibatanidzwa ine ungwaru pakati pemhuri, iri pedyo nezvatinoziva nhasi semichato yakarongwa. Muroori aitofanira kushandira baba vomwenga kwenguva yakati asati agona kugadzikana nomudzimai wake, chibvumirano chenzanga chakasimbisa zvisungo pakati pemhuri.
Mhemberero yeHetzmek
Apo vakomana nevasikana veMayan vaiva pakati pemwedzi mitatu ne4, vakaiswa pasi pemutambo weHetzmek. Mumutambo uyu, vacheche vaiiswa pahudyu yamwari wavo (kana aiva mukomana) kana godmother (kana aiva musikana). Mutambo uyu wakaitirwa kuti vana ava vakure vaine hutano hwakanaka uye vachidzivirirwa namwari. Mhemberero yeHetzmek yaive imwe yekutanga kutangwa kwevana mune zvemagariro uye zvechitendero chimiro cheMayan tsika.
Mipiro yeropa nezvibayiro zvevanhu
Vachionekwa seimwe yehupfumi hwepamberi hwenguva yavo, vaMayans vaivewo nekutenda kwakadzama nezvehukama pakati pevamwari nevanhu. Maererano nemaonero avo enyika, vamwari vakanga vateura ropa kuti vasike vanhu, saka vaMaya vakatenda kuti vaifanira kudzorera ropa iroro kuvamwari vavo. Aya ndiwo matangiro akaita zvibairo zvevanhu neropa. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakanga vasingapiwi zvibayiro nguva dzose, kwakanga kwakajairika muvasungwa vehondo, nepo vatongi nemhuri dzavo vaipa zvibairo zviduku kupfurikidza nokudimbura mativi emiviri yavo kuti vabudise ropa.
Chitendero uye pfungwa yerufu muMayan tsika
Chitendero cheMayan chakanga chakanyatsobatanidzwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa. Itzamnaaj, mwari musiki, aive mumwe wevakuru, asi pakanga painewo vamwe vamwari vane chekuita nechibage, mvura nedenga. VaMaya vaidavira kuti avo chete vakafa muzvibayiro, avo vakafa pakuberekwa, uye vatongi vakakwira kudenga. Vaidavira kuti madzimambo akanga ari murevereri pakati pavamwari navanhu, achivavimbisa mugumo unokosha muupenyu hwapashure porufu.
Kuvigwa kwacho kwaiva nechirevo chepamusoro mutsika dzeMayan. Mitumbi yakavigwa nechikafu chakaita sechingwa nechibage, uye mitero yakaiswa kuitira kuti vafi vagoenda nazvo kurufu. Miitiro yaiitwa mumakuva nedonzo rokuwana nyasha dzavamwari kupfurikidza nokupindira kwomushakabvu, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuvapo kwamadzitateguru avo kwakanga kwakakosha sei muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kupfuurira kwavo mukutenderera kusingagumi kwechisiko.
Budiriro yeMayan inowanzoyeukwa nekuda kwekubudirira kwayo mukuvaka, masvomhu uye nyeredzi, asi tsika dzayo, kunyangwe zvisingawanzo kunzwisiswa, dzinoburitsa zvakawanda nezve nzira yekuona nyika. Muzviito zvavo zvose, kubva pakuberekwa kusvika pakufa, vaMayans vakatsvaka kuwirirana necosmos, vamwari uye madzitateguru.