Apo patinotaura nezvazvo machechi, macathedrals, basilica uye co-cathedrals, tinoreva marudzi mana ezvivakwa zvechitendero zvinoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana mukati mechimiro cheChechi yeKaturike. Kunyangwe aya mazwi achiwanzo shandiswa zvakasiyana, rimwe nerimwe rine chirevo chaicho uye kukosha chaiko mukati mehumambo hwekereke.
Muchinyorwa chino chese, tichaongorora zvakadzama mutsauko uripo pakati penzvimbo idzi dzekunamatira, nhoroondo seri kweimwe neimwe uye maitiro adzo makuru.
Chechi chii?
Chechi ndiyo temberi yechitendero chechiKristu uko zviito zvekunamata nemitambo yechitendero yakadai semisa inoitwa. Muchivanhu cheKatorike, chechi inzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kunyanya kwairi munamato uye kupemberera masakaramende.
Kune marudzi akawanda emakereke zvichienderana nehunhu nemashandiro awo. Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye kereke yeparishi, iro riri dzimbahwe resangano rechitendero rinotungamirirwa nemupristi weruwa. Chechi yeparamende ndiyo musimboti wehupenyu hwechitendero chenharaunda yenzvimbo, uye ndipo panopembererwa misi yose, michato, masaisai nezvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha muhupenyu hwevatendi.
Pamusoro pemakereke emakereke, kune mamwe marudzi emakereke, akadai machechi, zvinova zvivakwa zvidiki uye zvepachivande zvisina chimiro chechechi yeparamende, asi panopembererwa misa nemitambo yechitendero. Imba yemukati chapel zvinoreva chapel inosanganisirwa muchivako chikuru, sechikoro kana imwe chechi.
Chii chinonzi kereke huru?
La Cathedral, nokuda kworutivi rwayo, itembere ine nzvimbo yakakwirira zvikurusa muboka rechechi. Ndiwo muzinda we chigaro chabhishopi, iyo inoipa zita rayo. Cathedra ndiyo chigaro icho bhishopi anotungamira mhemberero dzechitendero uye anotonga diocese.
Kathedral inowanzova chivakwa chikuru uye chakakosha chechitendero mu diocese, uye pamusoro pebasa rayo rekunamata uye remweya, ine zvakare administrative, sezvo iri nzvimbo iyo bhishopi anoshandisa chiremera chake.
Cathedrals haisi nzvimbo chete yehupenyu hwechitendero, asiwo pfuma yechokwadi ye zvivakwa uye art, kubvira kare dzakavakwa kuti dzifadze uye kuratidza simba reChechi maererano nepesvedzero yayo uye ukuru. Mienzaniso mikuru yemacathedrals muSpain inosanganisira iyo Cathedral yeSevilla, inova yakakura Gothic cathedral munyika, uye iyo Cathedral yeSantiago yeCompostela, nzvimbo yekupedzisira yeCamino de Santiago yakakurumbira uye imwe yenzvimbo dzinokosha dzekufambisa munyika yechiKristu.
Chii chinonzi basilica?
Izwi rekuti basilica rakashanduka kubva payakabva mu Humambo hweRoma, uko mabasilica aive zvivakwa zvakakura zveveruzhinji zvakaitirwa zvakanyanya zvezvemitemo uye zvekutengeserana. Munguva yekutanga kwechiKristu, maBasilica eRoma akatorwa neChechi senzvimbo dzekunamatira nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo.
Una basilica izita rekuremekedza rakapihwa naPope kuchechi ine basa rakati, kungave nekuda kwenhoroondo, yekuvaka kana kukosha kwemweya. Kune marudzi maviri makuru e basilicas: ma basilicas makuru, ayo anongova mana chete munyika, ose ari muRoma, uye madiki basilicas, ayo anowanikwa pasi rose.
Chinhu chakasiyana chebasilica ndicho chayo hukama hwakakosha naPope uye dzimwe ropafadzo dzechitendero dzakapiwa kwaari, dzakadai sekodzero yekushandisa conopaeum (rudzi rweamburera) uye tintinnabulum (bhero rinoshandiswa mukufora).
MuSpain, mamwe evasilica anozivikanwa zvikuru ndiwo Basilica yeMhuri Tsvene muBarcelona, ​​​​inomira pachena kune yayo yemazuva ano dhizaini yakagadzirwa naAntoni GaudÃ, uye iyo Basilica del Pilar muZaragoza, nzvimbo yekuzvipira kweMarian inokosha zvikuru.
Chii chinonzi co-cathedral?
Izwi co-cathedral rinoshandiswa kutsanangura chechi inogara chigaro chehubhishopi neimwe cathedral. Izvi zvinoitika kana diocese iine maona maviri, kungave kwezvikonzero zvenhoroondo kana kukosha kwekutonga zvirinani dunhu rakakura kwazvo.
Muenzaniso weco-cathedral muSpain ndiyo Co-Cathedral yeSanta Maria muCáceres, iyo inogovera chimiro checathedral neCathedral yeCoria. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewe Co-Cathedral yeSan Pedro muSoria, iyo inogovera zita neCathedral yeEl Burgo de Osma.
Chiyero checo-cathedral chakatangwa mu Ma1950, kunyanya kutemberi idzo, kunyange zvazvo dzakanga dzisiri macathedrals, dzaida chimiro ichocho nokuda kwekukosha kwavakanga vawana.
Misiyano mikuru pakati pekathedrals, basilicas uye machechi
Misiyano mikuru pakati a chechi, cathedral uye basilica nhema mumabasa ayo rimwe nerimwe rinoita mukati meChechi yeKaturike uye mune yayo kukosha kwehierarchical.
- Chechi inzvimbo inopembererwa mabasa ekunamata, sevanhu vazhinji, asi haina kukosha kwechinzvimbo mukati meChechi yeCatholic. Machechi mazhinji makereke epanzvimbo.
- A cathedral ndiyo muzinda wezvemweya uye wekutonga yedhiocese, uye ndipo panogara bhishopi.
- Basilica ndiyo zita rekuremekedza zvakapihwa naPope kune mamwe makereke nekuda kwenhoroondo yawo kana pakunamata.
Mamwe mazwi akadai se-co-cathedrals, hermitage kana chapel anopindawo uye anopedzisa hupfumi hwehumambo uye kusiyana kwezvivakwa zvechitendero chechiKristu.
Muchidimbu, kunyangwe mazita aya anogona kukonzera nyonganiso, rimwe nerimwe rawo rine a rakasiyana revo uye anoita basa chairo mukati mechimiro cheChechi yeKatorike.