Mumwoyo weLa Paz, pakakwirira inopfuura 3.600 metres, pane kona inoita seyakananga kunze kwenyaya yekufungidzira: iyo musika wevaroyi vasinganzwisisikePakati pemigwagwa ine mawere, kunhuwa kwezvinonhuwira, uye murals izere neAndean zviratidzo, nzvimbo ino inosanganisa zvitsvene, zvemazuva ese, uye zvevashanyi, ichiva imwe yenzvimbo dzakasiyana uye dzakashanyirwa muBolivia.
Chero ani anopinda mumigwagwa yeLinares, Sagárnaga, Santa Cruz kana Illampu achasangana nehosha dzezvitoro zvinotengesa. llama fetus, mashizha ecoca, mazango, mishonga yemishonga, makenduru nezvinonhuwiraPano iwe unotenga zvinhu "nokuda, nokuda kwemari, yebasa kana kuti kudzivisa mavibes akaipa," sezvinotaura vatengesi vakawanda; denga rekutenda mashura, tsika uye kutenda uko Pachamama, Amai Pasi, inogara pakati pezvese.
Musika pakati pekutenda kwemadzitateguru, mashiripiti uye kushanya
Iyo inonzi misika yevaroyi iri padyo neBasilica yeSan Francisco, pakati penzvimbo yeEl Rosario nemugwagwa wakabatikana weSagárnaga, nzvimbo yechokwadi yevashanyi yeLa Paz uko varoyi vakawanda. mahositeri, masangano ekufambisa, zvitoro zvemhizha nemaresitorendi madikiMukati meiyi kuuya nekuenda kwevabhegi nevagari venzvimbo, network yezviteshi zveesoteric zvinopa mukurumbira kunharaunda inoitika.
Izvo zvinoonekwa nevakawanda sekumira kwakakosha pane chero kushanya kweLa Paz pakutanga yaive network ye chifleras, vatengesi vemishonga, midzi uye zvinhu zvetsika ndivo vaipa vavakidzani vavo zvipiriso zvavo nemitambo yepamusha. Vakanga vasiri “varoyi” mupfungwa yokuMadokero yeshoko racho, asi vachengeti vezivo vaipfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa.
Nekufamba kwemakore, madhairekitori ekufambisa uye vafambi vanoda kuziva vakatanga kudaidza migwagwa iyi se musika wevaroyiZvinonzi vaive vashanyi vekunze chaiko vakasimudzira zita iri kuti vaone nekukurudzira nzvimbo; zita rakabatwa zvakanyanya zvekuti rakaguma rave nesimba, kunyangwe vatengesi vachiri kuda kunzi chiflera.
Nhasi, pakati pezvitoro zvinotengesa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaoko, charango, masks, uye machira echinyakare, zvitoro zvidiki zviri kuvhurwa, zvakazara nezvigadzirwa zvichatengeswa. tsika, zvitsinga zverudo, kucheneswa kwesimba uye mitambo yekutenda PachamamaMhedzisiro iyi musika unogara uchifamba pakati pe "inoyevedza" inokwezva vashanyi uye nzvimbo inoera yechitendero cheAndean.
Chipatapata chinogara chiripo: vashanyi vane makamera nenharembozha dzakasimudzwa, vagari veko vachitenga zvokubikisa, uye vapfuuri vanongokweverwa mukati nematanga ane mavara. Vanopawo Kushanya kunotungamirirwa iyo inowanzoguma paCoca Museum, ichisimbisa iyo nhaurirano pakati petsananguro yetsika kune muenzi uye ruzivo rwemweya kune veko.
Basa rePachamama uye mwedzi waNyamavhuvhu
Bolivia ndiyo ine chikamu chepamusoro chevagari vemo muSouth America, uye izvi zvinoonekwa muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva: Pachamama, Mai NyikaIri sezviripo, kana kutonyanya, kupfuura zviratidzo zvakagarwa nhaka kubva kuchiKristu zvinounzwa nevakundi. MuLa Paz, musanganiswa wetsika uyu unonyanya kuoneka mumitambo inotenderera nePasi uye kutenderera kwekurima.
Nyamavhuvhu ane nzvimbo yakakomborerwa mukarenda yomudzimu yeAndean. Maererano nekutenda, ndiwo mwedzi apo Pachamama "inovhura muromo wake" uye inofanirwa kudyiswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekunaka kwake. Varapi vakaita saBelinda, wekuEl Alto, vanotsanangura Nyamavhuvhu sea “Muromo wakashama” unoda muripo nemipiro kudzorera nenzira yehutano, kubudirira, rudo kana kudzivirira izvo zvakumbirwa kwazviri mukati megore.
Panguva ino yegore, musika wevaroyi unotowedzera kusimba. Matanga akazara nevanhu vari kutsvaga zvese zvavanoda kugadzirira. tsika "matafura" yakatsaurirwa kuPachamama: mapakeji akanyatsounganidzwa neyatiris uye chifleras ane zvihwitsi, resin, maruva, coca mashizha uye, mune yayo yakazara shanduro, sullus kana mhuka fetus.
Aya matafura anobatanidzwa nezvinangwa zvakasiyana: mamwe anotarirwa kune utano nemhuri, vamwe ku kuwanda kwehupfumi kana kubudirira kwebhizinesi idzvaZvimwe ndezvezvakanaka, zvimwe zvekudzivirirwa, rugare, kana rombo rakanaka parwendo. Zvese, kubva paruvara rweshinda dzinosungirira pasuru kusvika pachimiro chezvihwitsi zviri mukati, zvine chirevo chekufananidzira.
Panguva yemhemberero, zvinhu zviri patafura zvinosaswa nedoro, zvinovhenekera mubrazier, uye zvinosiiwa zvichipisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Moto unoonekwa semurevereri mutsvene, anokwanisa kushandura zvido zvevanhu mumutauro wevamwari uye PachamamaSezvo marimi emoto achipisa, izwi rakakosha rekunamata kweAndean rinotaurwa: "jallalla", kutaura kweQuechua-Aymara panguva imwe chete iyo inofukidza mufaro, zvishuwo zvakanaka, kutenda, uye tariro.
Matafura emitambo, zvipiriso uye zvinoreva sullus
Matafura etsika ndiwo, muchidimbu, moyo wezvipo zveAndean zvinotengeswa mumusika wevaroyi. Vanoratidzwa se akashongedzwa uye ane mavara kwazvo mapakeji, iyo inovanza mukati mavo symphony yechokwadi yezviratidzo: zvihwitsi zvakaumbwa sedzimba kana mwoyo, mbeu, maruva, mvere dzemavara, mashizha ekoka, zvidhori zveshuga, resins inonhuhwirira, michero yakaomeswa, camelid mafuta uye zvinhu zvakawanda zviduku zvinomiririra zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu.
Tafura imwe neimwe inoshandisa chinangwa chaicho. Zvimwe zvakagadzirirwa ... rudo uye hukama hwepfungwaMamwe matafura anoratidza madiki mwoyo uye vakaroorana; vamwe vanonongedzera kubasa nebhizimisi, neratidziro dzemari yokubhengi, makambani, kana kuti maturusi; kunewo matafura ekuodha. dziviriro, hutano nebudiriroizere nekamba, zizi, makondori, kana michinjikwa yeAndean. Mutengi anotsanangura kunetseka kwavo kune yatiri kana mutengesi, uye ivo vanosarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera.
Matafura anodhura uye akakosha anosanganisira akakurumbira sullus, mafetus akaomeswa ellama, alpaca kana dzimwe mhukaIyi sullus yave imwe yezviratidzo zvinokatyamadza zvemusika, pamwe nekuda kwekuvhiringidzika kwavanoita kune vashanyi vekunze, avo vasingawanzo kujairana nebasa ravo retsika.
Maererano nezvinodavirwa nemadzitateguru, kuviga llama fetus pasi pevhu pachavakwa imba kunovimbisa kuti imba yacho ichava nehupenyu hwakanaka. rombo rakanaka, dziviriro, uye kugadzikanaKune rudzi urwu rwekupa, sullus yakakura inowanzoshandiswa, kazhinji nemvere dzayo dzakatoumbwa uye chitarisiko chiri pedyo zvikuru neiyo yemhuka isina kumboberekwa.
Kusiyana neizvi, mafetusfetus madiki anoshandiswa kuita tsika dzemunhu: anopiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinopihwa munhu ari kubhadhara... anotsenga mashizha ecocakukumbira rombo rakanaka, hutano, kana kugadziriswa kwedambudziko chairo. Kunewo misiyano yekufananidzira: zvinonzi nguruve fetus inounza mari, uye mwana wemakwai anobatsira kugadzirisa kukakavara kwepamutemo kana kukakavara kwakaoma.
Vatengesi vanosimbirira, kanenge nguva dzose kana vakabvunzwa, kuti mafetus aya haabvi pakuuraya nemaune, asi kubva kupfupfudzika, vana vari kufa nechando munzvimbo dzakakwirira, kana mhuka dzine pamuviri dzinoonekwa munzvimbo dzekuurayaVanoda kujekesa kuti vanaamai havapiwi chibayiro chete kuti vawane sullus, chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kunetsa vashanyi vane hanya nekugara zvakanaka kwemhuka.
Zvigadzirwa zvemashiripiti, sipo dzezvishamiso, uye amulets emarudzi ese
Kupfuura sullus, musika wevaroyi unoratidza kanenge kasingaperi kabhuku kesoteric zvigadzirwa. Pamatafura nemasherufu, zvakasanganiswa pamwechete makenduru ane mavara, rusenzi, palo santo, zvizoro, mafuta okuzora, upfu hwemashiripiti, zvidhori zvewakisi, uye nhamba dzeshugaZvese zvakagadzirirwa kupesvedzera, neimwe nzira kana imwe, rombo rakanaka, rudo, kana rombo rakanaka remunhu anozvitenga.
Zviumbwa zvidiki zvemhuka muresin, ceramic, kana dombo zvinonyanya kushamisa, chimwe nechimwe chine chinangwa chakanyatsotsanangurwa. Matatya nematatya akabatana nemari uye kuwandaTurtles inomiririra hupenyu hurefu uye hwakagadzikana, makondomu anodzivirira nzendo, zizi rinoratidza hungwaru uye kujeka kwepfungwa, nepo pumas ichibatanidzwa nesimba uye kugona kuwana basa kana kuita mapurojekiti matsva.
Uyewo zviratidzo zvekare zvechitendero chechiKristu hazvipo: zvipiyaniso, mhandara dzakavezwa, marozari nemichinjikwa yeAndeanKugarisana uku ndokwemuzvarirwo kuvagari vemuLa Paz, avo vakajaira kurarama muchokwadi umo kutenda kwechiKristu nezvitendero zvechivanhu zvinopindirana uye zvinopindirana pane kusabvisana.
Chimwe chitsauko chakasiyana chakatsaurirwa kune sipo, pefiyumu, mafuta ekuzora, uye nemishonga inoitirwa hupenyu hwerudo kana hwepabonde. Mabhokisi, anogara aine mavara mazhinji, ane mazita akananga uye anokurudzira akadai "Sipo Huya Kwandiri", "Kutsvaga Nditevere Nditevere", "Nakirwa neSipo", "Perfume 7 Machos" kana "Kupisa Husiku"Vanovimbisa kupfutidza chishuwo, kudzora mudiwa akatsauka, kana kukwezva munhu anodiwa.
Zvigadzirwa izvi, zvinowanzogadzirwa nemisanganiswa yemakwenzi, essence, uye zvimwe zvinongedzo kubva kumishonga yechivanhu, zvinotengeswa pamwe chete. "Natural Viagras", inosimbisa lotions uye concoctions kuwedzera virility kana kuberekaIko zvakare hakuna kushomeka kwevanhu vakagadzirira kukwezva vatengi kubhizinesi, kuona kushanda zvakanaka kwekambani, kana kuderedza godo revavakidzani nevakwikwidzi.
The yatiris: avo vanoziva
Musika wacho waizove usinganzwisisike pasina hungwaru asi hunogara huripo hwe yatiris, varume nevakadzi vakachenjera vanoita sevanachipangamazano vemweya, varapi, uye vachengeti veruzivo rwetsika dzeAndean. Zita ravo, muAymara, rinoshandura chaizvoizvo se "avo vanoziva."
Pakutanga kuona, yatiris mazhinji anogona kukanganisa kune chero mumwe munhu anopfuura. Vanowanzopfeka zvipfeko zvakapfava, uye vamwe vanotakura ngowani dzakasvibirira uye chuspas, mabhegi madiki akarukwa nemvere dzekameliduko vanochengeta mashizha ekoka, zvipiyaniso, mifananidzo miduku, matombo chaiwo, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoyera. Havana yunifomu yakajeka, saka kuvawana kunoda kubvunza, kumirira, uye kuteerera kuti vanhu vanotaura sei kwavari.
Vazhinji vakadzidza basa ravo kubva kuvakuru vavo, asi nyaya yakavapoteredza inotaurawo nezvayo kudana kwetsika kunoratidzwa nemheni, zviratidzo, zviroto zvakakomba, kana kunyange zviroto zvinotyisaIzvi zviitiko zvinodudzirwa sezviratidzo zvekuti munhu akasarudzwa kuti aite semurevereri pakati penyika yevanhu nemasimba emweya.
Iyo yatiris inyanzvi dzekushandiswa kwemiti, midzi, miti, nematombo kubva musango; vanonzwisisa zvinorehwa nezviroto, vanoita simba rekuchenesa, uye vanogadzirira zvipo zvakaoma zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emhemberero. Vanotaurirana ne achachilas uye awichas, vachengeti madzitateguru anochengetedza makomo, zvitubu uye nharaundaMunharaunda dzakawanda vanhu vanoremekedzwa, vanobvunzwa munguva dzenhamo, hurwere kana sarudzo dzakakosha.
Imwe yenzvimbo dzake dzinozivikanwa dzehunyanzvi ndeye kuverenga shizha rekokaPagumbeze rakawaridzwa pasi kana patafura iri nyore, vanokanda mashizha uye vanocherechedza kuti anodonha sei, masumbu api aanoumba, uye zvikamu zvipi zvinomhara zvakatarisa kumusoro kana pasi. Kubva pamatanho aya, vanopindura mibvunzo pamusoro penguva yemberi, vanokurudzira tsika dzakananga, kana kunyevera nezvengozi dzinogona kuitika. Vazhinji vashanyi vemusika vanotora mukana wekubvunza mashizha, kungave nekuda kwekuda kuziva kwevashanyi kana kudiwa chaiko.
Mishonga yemishonga, Kallawaya mushonga uye ruzivo rwechivanhu
Padivi pezvinonyanya kubata ziso zvigadzirwa zveesoteric, zvitoro zvemusika zvinopa zvakasiyana siyana zve miriwo, midzi, maruva akaomeswa uye kugadzirira kwemishonga Inoshandiswa kwezvizvarwa munharaunda yeAndean. Kunhuhwirira kwemiti yakaomeswa kunobatanidza nezvinonhuwira uye madoro emitambo, zvichiita kuti pave nemhepo isingazivikanwi.
Zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nemusika zvinotengeswa zvakare pedyo nemusika. Kallawaya mushongaVanhu veKallawaya, vanozivikanwa neruzivo rwavo rwakadzama rwebhotani, vakabva kuBolivian Andes uye vakabatsira mukunyora nekushandisa mazana emarudzi emiti kurapa hurwere hwemuviri, matambudziko ekugaya, mamiriro ekufema, uye zvirwere zveganda.
The herbalists vanoziva zvakadzama chirimwa chinokurudzirwa kune ziso rakaipa, ndeipi inobvisa marwadzo emusuru, iyo inokubatsira kurara zviri nani, kana kuti musanganiswa upi unoshandiswa "kuchenesa" imba yemasimba asina kunaka. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvakawanda... rue bouquets, rue gels, colognes kukwezva mari, resin kuchenesa nzvimbo, lucky powders, uye gadziriro dzekupisa mumabrazier..
Hazvishamisi kuona vavakidzani vachiuya vaine hanya chaiyo: bhizinesi risiri kubva pasi, mwana asingakwanisi kuwana basa, vaviri vari kufamba nepakaoma. Vatengesi vanoteerera, vanokurudzira kusanganiswa kwezvigadzirwa, uye vanowanzokurudzira kushanyira yatiri (murapi wechivanhu) kuti apedze kurapwa. kucheneswa, kupira, kana kuverenga kokaMutsara uri pakati pemishonga, mashiripiti, uye chitendero hauna kujeka, asi kuvagari vakawanda veLa Paz, rutivi rwomuzvarirwo rwenzwisiso yavo yenyika.
Nhaka yetsika isingabatike uye chibviro chekukakavadzana
Kukosha kwekufananidzira uye munharaunda yemusika wevaroyi kwakazivikanwa zviri pamutemo muna 2019, apo La Paz Municipal Council yakazvizivisa. Intangible Cultural HeritageKuzivikanwa uku kwakaitirwa kuratidza basa rayo senzvimbo tsvene yeruzivo uye mipiro yetsika inoratidza maonero epasirese akadzika midzi munharaunda yese yeAndean.
Iyi nhaka inosimbisa kuti musika hausi wekuda kuziva kwevashanyi chete, asi a nzvimbo yekugara yechitendero, ndangariro uye kuramba tsikauko miitiro yakanangana nenyika isati yasvika yeHispanic inopfuurira. Kune vagari vazhinji veLa Paz, inomiririra nzira yekuchengetedza nhaurirano yenguva dzose nevamwari vavo nemadzitateguru mumoyo yenzvimbo yemuguta.
Nekudaro, kukwezva chaiko kwemusika kwakaunzawo makakatanwa akati wandei mukutarisa. Kuona mirwi ye sullus yakarembera kubva mumatanda, pamwe nekuvapo kwemhuka dzetaxidermied, kune simba guru kune vashanyi vasingazivi mamiriro ezvinhu ezviito izvi. Uye, kunyangwe vana vembereko vazhinji vachibva pakupfupfudzika kana vana vakafa nezvikonzero zvemusikirwo, zviremera zvakaona. nyaya dzekutengeswa kwemhando dzakachengetedzwa kana zvikamu zvemhuka dzesango.
Ongororo ichangobva kuitika yakawana zviremwaremwa, madzvinyu, makava, uye matoyi mune mamwe matanga, zvichimutsa zvinetso zveutano nezvakatipoteredza. Hurumende yemunharaunda yapindura ne kuwedzera kwekutonga uye matanho ekutarisa kudzivirira kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango uye kuderedza njodzi kuhutano hweveruzhinji.
Kunetsana uku kunopa dambudziko rakaoma: kune rimwe divi, pane chinodiwa kuchengetedza tsika dzemadzitateguru nekugara nhaka yetsikaKune rimwe divi, pane chisungo chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza, uye kuvimbisa mamiriro ehutsanana akakwana. Saka musika wevaroyi unozviwana uri pakati petsika, mitemo, uye kushanya kwevanhu vakawanda.
Chiitiko chemuenzi chizere nengano, ruvara, uye zvakavanzika
Kune mufambi, kufamba muMusika isinganzwisisike Varoyi chiitiko chinoenda kure kupfuura kungotenga zviyeuchidzo. Mamita mashoma kubva kuSan Francisco Square, munhu anongoda kudzima padivi pe Linares kana Sagárnaga mugwagwa kunyudza mumhoteredzo umo muganho pakati peane njere nemashiripiti unobva wadzima.
Vashanyi vazhinji vanogara mumahostela munzvimbo iyi uye vanobvuma kuti musika unova rwendo rwake rwekutanga kupinda mugutaPamberi pezvitoro zvakashongedzwa nemazango asingaverengeki, mavara anopenya, makenduru ehukuru hwakasiyana, uye zviratidzo zvinoshambadza kuverenga tarot, kucheneswa kwemweya, kana kubvunzana nayatiris (varapi vechivanhu). Kuda kuziva zvishoma ndiko kunodiwa kuti umire uye uteerere kutsananguro dzevatengesi, avo vanowanzova neushamwari kune ani zvake anouya neruremekedzo.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nzvimbo yacho yakashongedzwawo murals inotaura nezveAndean worldview uye maamburera ane mavara akarembera mumigwagwaIzvi zvinogadzira chimiro chakakwana chemifananidzo inofashama social media. Kubata uku kunosimbisa huviri hwemusika: kune rimwe divi, iyo "Instagrammable" mifananidzo inotsvakwa nevashanyi; kune rumwe rutivi, zvitendero zvikuru zvinokuchidzira miitiro inoitwa ikoko.
Avo vasingatendi muzvitsinga zverudo, kucheneswa, kana ziso rakaipa vanogona kungofamba-famba, kutarisa, uye pamwe kutora chimwe chinhu navo. zviyeuchidzo zvekufananidzira senge datya diki rerombo, turtle yehupenyu hurefu, kana condor yekufamba.Vamwe vanosarudza kutora njodzi yakakura votenga sipo kana mapefiyumu ane mazita akashata, pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pejee uye tariro yekuti "chero" vangashanda.
Kune vanozvipira vemunharaunda, zvisinei, musika ndeye nzvimbo yokusangana navamwari vavo uye nenyanzvi dzetsika zvinogona kuvabatsira kutarisana nechimwe chirongwa, kurapa chirwere, kugadzirisa kusawirirana kuripo, kana kukumbira dziviriro yemhuri yavo. Mumeso avo, mashiripiti emusika haasi folkloric chiratidziro, asi hupenyu uye hwemazuva ese.
Musika usinganzwisisike wevaroyi weLa Paz unozviratidza senzvimbo Ngano nengano zvinogarisana nehupenyu hwezuva nezuvapanombundikira vatsvene navasina maturo pamakona ose. Imuseum yakavhurika kune avo vanoiona kubva kunze, inzvimbo tsvene inoshingaira yeavo vanotora chikamu mumitambo yayo; chikumbaridzo pakati penyika mbiri dzinoramba dzichikurukurirana, zuva nezuva, mumigwagwa ine matombo yedhorobha reLa Paz.