zvose nyeredzi yeUniversal vane zvakafanana kuti iwo mabhora mahombe egasi anoburitsa kupenya kana uchipisa mafuta awo, asi haasi ese akakura zvakaenzana kana kupenya nenzira imwechete. Zuva redu, semuenzaniso, ndere G2 spectral kirasi uye ndiyo inozivikanwa seyellow dwarf, nyeredzi yepakati nepakati iyo ine hupenyu hwakareba makore gumi emabhiriyoni.
Zuva: General maitiro
Kunyange zvazvo Zuva redu riri pakati nepakati muhukuru zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyeredzi dziri muChadenga, rine basa guru mugadziriro yedu yezuva. Zuva rinofukidza 99,86% yehukuru hwesolar system, zvichiita kuti chive chinhu chikuru kupfuura zvose. Iyi nyeredzi yemhando G2V Inopenya kupfuura 85% yenyeredzi dziri muGwara renzou, zhinji dzacho dziri dzvuku dzvuku. Kunyangwe Zuva richiita kunge nyeredzi yakagadzikana, rinopfuura nematanho akasiyana muhupenyu hwaro hwose, kubva pakuumbwa kwaro kusvika pakufa kwaro semuchena chena.
Spectral kirasi G2 uye kutenderera kwehupenyu hweZuva
Zuva nderechikamu chespectral G2, zvinoreva kuti kupisa kwayo kwepamusoro kwakatenderedza 5,778 madhigirii Kelvin. Nyeredzi dzekirasi iyi dzinozivikanwa se yero dwarfs, uye kuva neupenyu hurefu hunobatsira. Zuva redu, semuenzaniso, rakatosvika hafu yehupenyu hwaro, makore angangoita mabhiriyoni 4.500 kubva pakuumbwa kwaro.
Kumagumo ehupenyu hwake, all yero dwarfs, kufanana neZuva, vanozvimba, vachiwedzera kukura kwavo uye kuva hofori dzvuku. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti Zuva richawedzera kusvika kunharaunda yeSolar System uko Nyika iripo.
Pakupedzisira, mushure mokupedza mafuta ayo, Zuva rinozobvumirana zvakare. Muchikamu chino, gasi raunosiya shure richaumba gore rakanaka rakakupoteredza rinozivikanwa se mapuraneti nebula. Nokufamba kwenguva, uye mushure memabhiriyoni emakore, Zuva richamira kupenya zvakajeka uye rive chena chena, pakupedzisira kutonhora uye kuva chiedza. black dwarf.
Evolution yenyeredzi uye ramangwana reZuva
Iyi nhanho yekufa kwenyeredzi yakajairika mune dzakawanda huru dzinotevedzana nyeredzi. Nyeredzi dzakaita seZuva, dzine huwandu hwakafanana, dzinoshanduka nenzira dzinozivikanwa. Semuenzaniso, chiedza chinobudiswa neZuva chinoumbwa ne40% chiedza chinooneka uye 50% infrared light.
Zuva, rine huwandu hunosvika 1.989 x 10^30 makirogiramu, ichaenderera mberi nekuita kwayo kusanganisa kwenyukireya kushandura hydrogen kuita helium nevamwe 5,000 mamirioni emakore. Kana musimboti wabuda muhydrogen, helium inozotanga kupinda mucarbon, zvichiratidza kutanga kwekuchinja kwayo kuenda kuhofori tsvuku.
Chimiro chemukati cheZuva
zuva iri a yakakura plasma sphere kupisa zvakanyanya. Mukati, mitsara mitatu mikuru inosiyaniswa: iyo musimboti, iyo inopenya nzvimbo uye iyo convection zone. Iyo yakakosha ndiyo inonyanya kupisa chikamu, uye ndipo panoitika nyukireya fusion reactions inogadzira simba. Simba rinobuda rinotakurwa kutanga kuburikidza neradiative zone uyezve kuburikidza neconvection zone risati rasvika paphotosphere, kubva kwarinobuditswa muchadenga muchimiro chechiedza chinooneka.
Pamusoro pechimiro chayo chemukati, Zuva zvakare rine mhepo inosanganisira chromosphere uye corona. Munguva yekuora kwezuva kwakazara, korona inoonekwa seyakajeka chena halo yakatenderedza Zuva.
Iyo nyukireya fusion process: Injini yeZuva
Simba reZuva rinogadzirwa kuburikidza nenyukireya fusion, nzira iyo hydrogen nuclei inobatana kuita helium, ichiburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba. Iyi nzira inoitwa pasi pemutemo we Einstein equation, E=mc², iyo inoshandura huwandu hushoma hwehuwandu huve huwandu hunokosha hwesimba.
Iyo hydrogen fusion kutenderera mukati meZuva inogadzira huwandu hukuru hwesimba, iro rinozopedzisira raburitswa sechiedza nekupisa. Kusanganiswa uku kunoburitsawo zvidimbu zvinozivikanwa se neutrinos, iyo inofamba nenyama isina kubatwa.
Muchikamu chekupedzisira chehupenyu hwayo, kana Zuva rabuda muhydrogen, rinotanga kusanganisa helium mukati mayo, izvo zvinozoita kuti iwedzere uye ive hofori tsvuku. Pakupedzisira, mushure mokushandurwa kwayo kuva chena chena, zvishoma chete zvakasara zvembiri yayo yekare zvichasara.
Kukosha kweZuva kune hupenyu paNyika
Zuva harina kukosha chete kuSolar System mumashoko ekukwevera pasi, asi rakakosha kune hupenyu hwePasi. Zvirimwa, kunyanya, zvinoenderana nechiedza chezuva kuita photosynthesis, maitiro anoshandura simba reZuva kuita chikafu chezvipenyu zvakawanda zvePasi.
Pamusoro pezvo, kupisa kunoitwa neZuva ndiko kunoita kuti tembiricha yePasi irambe iri munzvimbo inogoneka. Pasina simba rezuva, kutenderera kwemvura kwaisazovapo, uye Nyika yaizova pasi risingagariki neupenyu sezvatinoiziva.
El mhepo yezuva, inoumbwa nechaji particles inobudiswa neZuva, inoita basa rinokosha mukuumbwa kwezviitiko zvakadai semagetsi ekuchamhembe. Pamusoro pezvo, Zuva rinoita basa rekupesvedzera mamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kufambiswa kwemashoko uye satellite navigation system paPasi.
Kuda kuziva nezveZuva
- Zuva rinotora mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu ePasi kuti ripedze kutenderera kuri kuequator, asi pamatanda nguva yekutenderera inowedzerwa kusvika pamazuva makumi matatu nematanhatu.
- Zuva rinoburitsa chiedza nekupisa, asi mumhepo yaro, inozivikanwa secorona, tembiricha dzinosvika kupfuura 2.000.000 ºC, yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura pamusoro payo.
- Zvinotora chiedza kubva kuZuva angangoita maminetsi masere nemasekonzi gumi nemapfumbamwe kuti usvike paNyika.
Pasinei nezvarinoita zvinoshamisa, Zuva rinongova nyeredzi imwe chete pakati pemabhiriyoni ari muMilky Way. Nekudaro, kukosha kwayo kwehupenyu paPasi hakuna kupokana, uye ramangwana rayo sehofori tsvuku uye chena diki chichava chiitiko chinoshamisa che cosmic.