El baroque art Iye anozivikanwa nekunakidzwa kwake, mutambo uye kugona kumutsa manzwiro akasimba. Ichibuda pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16 mukupindura Renaissance, Baroque chimiro chinoratidzwa nekuoma kwemhando dzayo, kushandiswa kwekusiyanisa pakati pechiedza nemumvuri uye kumiririra kwekuwedzeredza uye kunetseka mafambiro.
Ichi chimiro hachingoratidzwi chete mukupenda, asiwo mumifananidzo, zvivakwa uye mimhanzi, inofukidza nhoroondo yenguva yakawedzera kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 18. Baroque, murutivi rukuru, yakanga iri mhinduro kumakakatanwa echitendero enguva iyoyo, akadai seCounter-Reformation, uye kuda kweChechi yeKaturike kuendesa chiitiko chemweya chakanyanya.
Hunhu hweBaroque art
Iyo Baroque inosiyaniswa nekutevedzana kwehunhu hunoita kuti ive yakasarudzika kana ichienzaniswa nemafambiro apfuura akadai seRenaissance kana Mannerism. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:
- Dynamism uye tension: Manzwiro ekufamba uye simba ari pakati peBaroque art. Mumifananidzo, semuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zveasymmetrical uye kushandiswa kwe diagonals zvinogadzira kunzwa kwesimba risingaperi.
- Chiaroscuro: Kushandiswa kwechiaroscuro, nzira inotamba nekusiyana kwechiedza nemumvuri, inokosha mumabasa e-baroque. Ichi chigadziro chinoshamisa chinowedzera huchokwadi uye chinotarisa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzezvinyorwa.
- Decorative exuberance: Mukuvaka uye chivezwa, iyo Baroque inoratidzwa nekunyanyisa uye kwakadzama kushongedzwa, ine zvinhu zvakaita senge Soromoni makoramu uye mafacade ane hunyanzvi.
- Kumiririra manzwiro akanyanyisa: Baroque mabasa aingoda kutariswa chete, asi ane ruzivo. Manzwiro, ose ari maviri emweya neepanyika, anoratidzwa nenzira yokuwedzeredza uye inoshamisa.
Chiaroscuro uye tenebrism
Chiaroscuro uye tenebrism ndiwo maitiro ane hunhu eiyo baroque art, kunyanya mukupenda. Chiaroscuro inoreva kushandiswa kwekusiyanisa kwechiedza nemumvuri kugadzira matatu-dimensional uye inoshamisa maitiro. Kune rumwe rutivi, tenebrism, inofarirwa nemutari weItaly Caravaggio, inotora chinyorwa ichi kusvika kune yakanyanyisa, ine misiyano yakasimba pakati penzvimbo dzakavhenekerwa nerima, uye nemifananidzo inoita seinobuda murima. Manyorerwo aya aishandiswa zvakanyanya kusimbisa mutambo mumitambo yechitendero neyengano.
Movement uye theatricality
Pfungwa yekufamba yakakosha mubaroque. Izvi zvinowanikwa kwete chete kuburikidza newavy mitsara uye maumbirwo mukuvaka uye kuvezwa, asiwo kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemadiagonal mukupenda, kugadzira pfungwa yekusagadzikana uye shanduko. Iyi nhandare yemitambo yakakwezva vataridzi, zvichikonzera chiitiko chepfungwa.
Baroque artists vakashandisa nzira idzi kusimbisa nguva dzinoshamisa mumifananidzo yavo, ingave yechitendero, ngano kana zviitiko zvezvakaitika kare.
Vamiriri vakatanhamara veBaroque art
Pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira veBaroque mazita ane mukurumbira akadai saGian Lorenzo Bernini naCaravaggio muItaly, Peter Paul Rubens muFlanders, uye Diego Velázquez kuSpain. Mumwe nemumwe weava maartist akabatsira zvakasiyana mukuvandudzwa kwemaitiro eBaroque muzvidzidzo zvavo.
Giovanni Battista Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Bernini aiva mumwe wevanyori vane simba zvikuru veBaroque, ane mukurumbira nebasa rake mukuveza uye zvivakwa. Aizivikanwa nekugona kuveza marble uye kuita kuti iite seine nyoro uye inochinjika. Pakati pemabasa ake anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya Baldachin and the Dunhu reSt muVatican, pamwe chete nechivezwa chakakurumbira che Kufara kweSanta Teresa.
Francesco Borromini (1599-1667)
Mukwikwidzi uye akararama panguva yaBernini, Borromini aive muvaki wehunyanzvi akaunza mafomu ane njodzi uye epakutanga mukuvaka kwake. Zvirongwa zvake zvakakosha zvinosanganisira San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane muRoma uye Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza. Borromini yakashandisa maumbirwo ejometri akaoma uye mitambo yechiedza kugadzira nzvimbo dzemavakirwo dzaiita sedzinofamba uye kuchinja, hunhu hunofananidzwa neBaroque.
Caravaggio (1571-1610)
Mutariri weItaly Caravaggio anozivikanwa nemaitiro ake etenebrist, ayo akakurudzira zvakanyanya pendi yeBaroque. Mifananidzo yake yechitendero neyengano, yakadai se Kudaidzwa kwaMateo Musande y chibayiro chaIsaka, ratidza kushandiswa kweunyanzvi kwechiaroscuro uye kumiririra kwezviverengero zvevanhu zvakazara nehuchokwadi uye manzwiro.
Diego Velázquez (1599-1660)
Velázquez aive mumwe wevanyori vakuru veSpanish Golden Age uye yeBaroque zvakazara. Hunyanzvi hwake Las Meninas muenzaniso wakajeka wekugona kwaVelázquez kugadzira pfungwa yekudzika uye yechokwadi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwechiedza uye maonero. Mufananidzo weSevillian zvakare akamira kunze kwehunyanzvi hwake hwemifananidzo uye kumiririrwa kwezviitiko zvemazuva ese nekuoma kukuru uye kusanzwisisika.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)
Rubens aive mupendi weFlemish ane mabasa anoratidzwa nekusimba kwavo uye hunhu. Aizivikanwa nokuda kwokushandisa kwake mavara akajeka, zvimiro zvamasimba masimba, uye nziyo dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Pakati pemabasa ake akawanda anomiririra Kutonga kweParis y Kupambwa kwevanasikana vaLeucippus. Chimiro chake chakapesvedzera zvakanyanya mamwe maartist enguva yake uye gare gare.
Baroque mumimhanzi
Baroque art haina kungoratidzwa chete mune zvekuona, asiwo mumhanzi. Vagadziri vanoda Antonio Vivaldi, Johann sebastian bach y Georg Friedrich Handel Vaive nhamba dzakakosha dzemumhanzi baroque. Munguva iyi, mimhanzi yairatidzwa nekuonekwa kwe opera, sonata uye concerto grosso, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwetonal system inoramba yakakosha mumhanzi dzidziso.
Mimhanzi baroque inozivikanwa zvakare nekushandisa mutsauko pakati pemavhoriyamu ekurira uye kuvandudza, izvo zvakapa zvinyorwa pfungwa yesimba uye manzwiro ainyatsoenderana nemamwe mafomu eunyanzvi hwebaroque.
Baroque art muLatin America
Iyo Baroque haina kungove nekukanganisa muEurope chete, asi yakasvikawo kuAmerica, kunyanya maSpanish nemaPutukezi makoloni. MuLatin America, Baroque yakasangana netsika dzechivanhu, ichigadzira yakasarudzika vhezheni yemaitiro akabatanidza zvinhu zvemuno mukuvaka, kuvezwa, uye pendi.
Muenzaniso wakatanhamara weBaroque muLatin America ichechi ye San Francisco muQuito, Ecuador, iyo inosanganisa zvinhu zvebaroque nechiratidzo chekuzvarwa. Iyi hybrid style inogonawo kuonekwa mumacathedrals eMexico nePeru, uko zvinhu zveEurope zvinosangana nevemunharaunda, zvichigadzira chimiro chakasarudzika chichiri kufadza nhasi nehunyanzvi hwayo uye runako.
Mukupenda, basa remupendi weMexico John Strap Icho chiratidzo chekuti misimboti yeEuropean baroque yakagadziridzwa sei kutsika nemagariro echokwadi cheLatin America.
Iyo baroque, saka, yakanga isiri chimiro cheEurope chete, asi yakachinjika kune akasiyana chaiwo uye tsika dzematunhu kwayakasvika, ichienderera mberi nenhaka yayo yekusiyana uye hunyanzvi.
Baroque art inoramba ichiyemurwa kwete nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuburitsa manzwiro akadzama, asiwo nehunyanzvi hwayo husina kunaka uye kuoma kwezvinyorwa zvayo. Baroque artists vaiziva kutora mukana wechiedza, kufamba uye dhirama, zvichigadzira hukama hwakadzama hwepfungwa nevaoni vavo, chimwe chinhu chinoramba chichishamisa nanhasi.