Nhoroondo ye Jane Goodall nemachimpanzi ake Ndiyo imwe yezviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki zvesainzi zvinoshandura zvinhu zvese: zvatiri, maitiro edu, uye kwatinoratidza muganhu pakati pevanhu nemhuka. Kwemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu, nyanzvi iyi yezvemhuka dzekare yekuBritain yakaona, nemoyo murefu usingaperi, hupenyu hwemachimpanzi emusango muGombe, Tanzania, kusvika yawana maitiro asina kumbofungidzirwa uye akamanikidza kunyorwa patsva kwemabhuku ekudzidza.
Panguva imwe chete, chimiro chake chave chiratidzo chepasi rose chekushingaira, kuchengetedza, uye tariroKubva pakuva musikana wechidiki asina dhigirii reyunivhesiti akaenda kuAfrica nebhuku rekunyorera nemabhainokura, akava Mutumwa weRugare weUN, muvambi wesangano riripo munyika dzakawanda, uye mutungamiriri wepasi rose mukudzivirira tsoko huru nepasi. Iyi, nenzira yakadzikama uye yakadzama, inyaya yezvinhu zvaakawana zvakakosha uye kuti zvakachinja sei kunzwisisa kwedu tsoko ... uye isu pachedu.
Kubva kuJubheri kusvika kuGombe: mavambo ebasa rakasiyana
Kubva achiri mudiki, Jane akaratidza kufarira mhuka zvakanyanya uye kuburikidza neAfrica. Akazvarwa muLondon, munharaunda yeHampstead, musi wa3 Kubvumbi 1934, mwanasikana waMortimer Herbert Morris-Goodall, muzvinabhizinesi, uye munyori wemabhuku Margaret Myfanwe Joseph, uyo akanyora achishandisa zita rekunyepedzera rekuti Vanne Morris-Goodall. Paakasvitsa makore maviri, baba vake vakamupa chimpanzee chakazara chavakatumidza kuti YubilePane kumutyisa, chidhori ichocho chakava shamwari yake isingaparadzaniswi uye danho rekutanga muhukama hweupenyu hwese netsoko hombe.
Pandaiva mwana, ndaiverenga nyaya dzakadai sedzinoti Bhuku reJungle, Tarzan, kana Doctor DolittleAirota kugara pakati pemhuka dzesango. Akanga asiri wemhuri yakapfuma, saka kuenda kuyunivhesiti kwakanga kusiri muzvirongwa zvake zvepakarepo. Pane kudaro, akadzidza hunyanzvi hwekunyora uye akashanda kumakambani akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kambani yekugadzira magwaro, uku achichengetedza mari kuti azadzise chishuwo chake chikuru: kufamba kuenda kuAfrica.
Ava nemakore 23, muna 1957, Jane akaenda kuKenya kunoshanyira purazi reshamwari yake. Ikoko, achitevera zano, akashinga kufonera nyanzvi yezvepaleontology neanthropologist ine mukurumbira. Louis LeakeyAine chokwadi chekuti aigona kumutungamirira kubasa rine chekuita nemhuka, Leakey akatanga amutora semunyori muNairobi uye munguva pfupi akaenda naye nemukadzi wake Mary kuOlduvai Gorge muTanzania, nzvimbo yekutsvagisa nezvemhuka dzekare.
Leakey aive nechokwadi chekuti kudzidza tsoko huru zvinogona kujekesa maitiro e madzitateguru evanhuPanguva iyi, aitsvaga mumwe munhu ane mwoyo murefu, anocherechedza, uye anokwanisa kuchinja-chinja kuti apedze makore akawanda musango achitevera machimpanzi. Akazopedzisira aona Jane, uyo, asingazive, akanga ava kuda kutanga kudzidza nezvemachimpanzi kwenguva refu munhoroondo.
Kunyangwe akanga asina dhigirii reyunivhesiti panguva iyoyo, Leakey akavimba nepfungwa dzake uye akawana mari uye mvumo yekoloni yekumutumira kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweLake Tanganyika, kune yaimbovapo panguva iyoyo. Nzvimbo Yekuchengetedza Zvikara yeGombe Stream (nhasi inonzi Gombe Stream National Park). Pakutanga, muna 1958, akamutumira kuLondon kunodzidziswa nenyanzvi dzakadai saOsman Hill (maitiro emhuka) naJohn Napier (anatomy), kuitira kuti asvike mumunda uyu aine hwaro hwesainzi.
Kusvika muGombe nenzira itsva yekuita sainzi
Jane Goodall paakasvika kuGombe kekutanga musi wa14 Chikunguru 1960, aive nemakore makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuberekwa uye hapana ruzivo rwechikoro rwepamutemo Akanga asina ruzivo rwechinyakare muzvidzidzo zvechinyakare, asi aive nechido chikuru chekuziva uye kugona kwake kuona. Vakuru veBritain muTanganyika vakaramba kumubvumira kugara ega munzvimbo iyoyo iri kure, saka amai vake, Vanne, vakabvuma kuenda naye kwemwedzi mishoma yekutanga semuzvipiri.
Kutanga kwakanga kusiri nyore zvachose: chimpanzee, dzisingavimbike zvachose, Vakatiza pavakangoona "munhu muchena"Kwemavhiki akati wandei, Jane aisakwanisa kuvaona ari kure nemabhainokura, asingakwanise kuswedera pedyo. Dambudziko rake guru raive rekuti ajairire kuvapo kwake, uye kuti aite izvi akashandisa musanganiswa wemwoyo murefu, nguva yakatarwa yekutarisa, uye mafambiro akapfava kuitira kuti asavatyise.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakavabatsira kuti vabudirire ndechekuti Zvakapera nekutonhora kwesainzi yenguva iyoyoPanzvimbo pekuverenga mhuka idzi, akadzitumidza mazita zvichienderana nechitarisiko chadzo kana hunhu hwadzo: David Greybeard, Goliath, Flo, Fifi, Mike, Humphrey, Gigi, VaMcGregor, nevamwe vakawanda. Kune vazhinji vesainzi, izvi zvaireva kusaremekedza Mwari: kupa mazita, zvaifungwa, zvaireva kurasikirwa nepfungwa dzakanaka uye kuwira mutsika dzechivanhu.
Zvisinei, Goodall aive nechokwadi chekuti chimpanzee hunhu hwakasiyana, manzwiro, uye pfungwa dzakaoma kunzwisisaHaana kuzeza kutsanangura mumabhuku ake nezvehudiki, kuyaruka, zvinokurudzira, manzwiro, uye zvisungo zvemanzwiro zvaakaona. Makumi emakore gare gare, mazwi iwayo akamuita kuti atsoropodzwe zvakanyanya akagamuchirwa zvakanyanya mutsika dzevanhu uye psychology yemhuka.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, Jane akanga achigadzira nzira yekudzidza kwenguva refu: kutevera vanhu vakafanana nemhuri kwemakore kuti vanyore shanduko muhukama hwavo, hutongi hwavo, uye maitiro avo. kutarisa kwenguva refu uye kwakadzama Yakazova chiyero muzvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvekutanga kwenhoroondo, uye nzvimbo yayo yekutsvagisa muGombe yakazopedzisira yagadzira mazana ezvinyorwa, zvirevo, nemabhuku.
Kuwanikwa kwezvishandiso: sarai zvakanaka kune "homo faber" yakasarudzika
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mubasa raJane chakaitika paakaona murume mukuru, David Greybeard, achimusuma. huswa huri mugomo remuchenjeVakamirira kusvika miti yazara nemagwenya ndokuzoiburitsa kuti aidye. Nguva pfupi yadarika, akaona mamwe machimpanzi achityora matavi madiki, obvisa mashizha awo, oashandisa nenzira imwecheteyo—ndiko kuti, kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu kuti chishande zvakanaka.
Izvozvo zvakaparadza zvachose pfungwa yakadzika midzi yekuti Vanhu chete ndivo vaigona kugadzira uye kushandisa maturusiKusvika panguva iyoyo, tsanangudzo ye "munhu" (homo faber) yakavakirwa papfungwa yekuti munhu ndiye oga. Louis Leakey paakagamuchira nhau idzi, akapindura nemashoko aizozivikanwa: ikozvino tinofanira kutsanangura patsva munhu, kutsanangura patsva maturusi, kana kugamuchira chimpanzee sevanhu.
Kukosha kwekuwanikwa ikoko kwakanga kwakakura. Zvakaratidza kuti chimpanzi dzaikwanisa kuronga, kugadzirisa zvinhu uye matekiniki ekutumira kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe, chimwe chinhu chakafanana zvikuru nechatinoti tsika. Ongororo dzakazotevera mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuMadokero neCentral Africa, dzakasimbisa kuvapo kwetsika dzakasiyana mukushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvichienderana neboka rega rega, izvo zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekusiyana kwetsika dzekare.
Goodall akanyora nezvemaitiro aya zvakadzama mumakore apfuura uye akaaratidza nenzira yakarongwa mubasa rake resainzi rinokosha, MaTsuro eGombe: Maitiro Ekuzvibatakwaakaongorora zvakadzama makore makumi maviri ekucherechedza kushandiswa kwemidziyo nedzimwe tsika dzemagariro evanhu nedzezvakatipoteredza.
Kuwanikwa uku hakuna kungochinja dzidziso ye primatology chete, asiwo kwakamanikidza kufungisisa kwefilosofi kuenderera mberi pakati pevanhu nedzimwe mhukaKana chimpanzi chichigona kugadzira maturusi ari nyore, kushanda pamwe chete kuvhima, kana kuratidza tsitsi, muganhu unotiparadzanisa nedzimwe mhuka haucharatidzike wakajeka.
Vanodya miriwo chete here? Jane anoratidza kuti chimpanzee dzinovhimawo
Chimwe chinhu chakakanganisa pfungwa dzakagara dziripo chakauya apo Jane akaona kuti chimpanzi dzeGombe Vakanga vasiri vemiriwo chetesezvaifungidzirwa. Mumazuva marefu ekutarisa, akaona kuti vaironga sei kutevera nekubata mhuka diki dzinoyamwisa, kunyanya tsoko dzvuku dzemacolobus, pamwe nevana vedzimwe mhuka dzakadai senguruve diki dzemusango.
Mune chimwe chezviitiko zvinozivikanwa zvikuru, akatsanangura varume vakati wandei vaibatana kuparadzanisa tsoko yecolobus iri pamusoro pemutivachivhara nzira dzavo dzekutiza uku mumwe wavo akakwira kuzovabata. Mushure mekubatwa, boka iri rakagovanisa nyama pakati pekuchema kukuru uye kumanikidzwa kwakasimba kubva kune avo vakanga vasina kutora chikamu zvakananga mukuvhima asi vakatora mugove wezvakapambwa.
Maitiro aya ekushandira pamwe chete ekuvhima nekudya nyama akaratidza kuti kudya kwechimpanzi kwaisanganisira chikamu chakakosha cheprotein yemhukakusvika pakuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti dzinogona kubata chikamu chikuru chetsoko dzemacolobus munzvimbo dzakasiyana gore rega rega. Zvakare, izvi zvakamanikidza kuongororwazve kwepfungwa dzakanyanya kufunga nezvekuti mhuka idzi dzine hunyoro.
Zvakaonekwa naGoodall nevamwe vake zvakaratidzawo kuti kuvhima uku kwaisarudza vanhu: dzimwe nguva mapoka aipedza nguva yakareba achitevera mhuka chaiyo, zvichiratidza musanganiswa wemhuka. mikana uye hurongwaRudzi urwu rwekudzidza rwakashanda pakuenzanisa (nekungwarira kwakakodzera) nemamwe maitiro ekuvhima muvanhu vekare.
Kuiswa kwenyama mukudya kwavo kunowedzera kune zvimwe zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuomarara kwezvakatipoteredza kwemachimpanzee, ayo anokwanisa kushandisa zviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzavo dzekugara (michero, mashizha, zvipembenene, majuru, nzungu dzavanopwanya nematombo, nezvimwewo), uye kugadzirisa maitiro avo kuti aenderane nekuwanikwa kwechikafu mumwaka.
Hondo, mhirizhonga uye divi rakaipa remachimpanzi
Kana paine chimwe chinhu chakavhiringidza chimpanzee, kwaive kuwanikwa kwekuti vaigona kuronga kuuraya nhengo dzemamwe mapoka uye kutoparadza nharaunda dziri pedyo. Pakati pa1974 na1978, Jane akanyora nekusuwa kukuru kwakazozivikanwa seHondo yeGombe Chimpanzee.
Mukurwisana ikoko, boka guru rakabva kuGombe, rinozivikanwa se Kasekela, vakazopedzisira vatarisana nerimwe boka, Kahamayakaumbwa nemapoka aimbova mapoka. Kwemakore mana, varume vakawanda vekuKasekela vakaita kurwiswa kwakarongwa, vachitevera mhuka dzakaparadzana kubva kuKahama kusvika dzaparadzwa zvachose.
Goodall aive chapupu chakananga chezviitiko zve chisimba chakanyanya, kurwiswa kwakarongeka uye maitiro Izvi zvaisanganisira kurohwa kwenguva refu, kurumwa zvakanyanya, uye kunyange zviitiko zvekudyidzana kwemhuka pakati pevakadzi vane simba vaiuraya vana vevamwe vakadzi kuti varambe vaine chinzvimbo chavo munharaunda. Iye pachake akabvuma kuti zvaive zvakaoma zvikuru kwaari kugamuchira divi iri remhuka dzaaida zvikuru.
Zvakawanikwa izvi zvakachinja maonero echimpanzee sezvisikwa zvine rugare uye zvakasimbisa pfungwa yavanogovana nesu. kugona kunovhiringidza kwekurwisa kwakarongwaPanguva imwe chete, mienzaniso yakawanda yetsitsi, kushandira pamwe, kurera nherera, uye kuratidza kusuruvara mushure mekufa kwehama dzepedyo yakaonekwawo, ichiratidza mufananidzo wakaoma kwazvo wemanzwiro.
Vamwe vaongorori vakati kudya kwekuwedzera kwaiitwa mumakore ekutanga aGombe kungave kwakaita kuti kuwedzera kusimba kwehumwe hutsotsinekuchinja mafambiro emakwikwi ezviwanikwa. Jane akabvuma kuti kupa rubatsiro kwakakanganisa hutsinye mukati nepakati pemapoka, kunyangwe akataura kuti hazvina kugadzira maitiro asina kunaka asina kumbovapo.
Hunhu, mhuri uye zvisungo zvemanzwiro
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakaitwa naJane Goodall kwaive kuratidza kuti chimpanzee dzine hunhu hwakadaro hwakasiyana Saka hazvidzivisiki kukurukura nezvehunhu, hunhu, uye hunhu hwemunhu. Muzvinyorwa zvake, anotsanangura munhu wega wega nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakashamisa chikamu chevanhu vesainzi kwemakore.
Vakadzi vanoda FloNemhino dzavo dzakakura uye nzeve dzavo dzakabuda, vakava nemukurumbira nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwehumai uye chinzvimbo chavo chepamusoro munharaunda. Vana vavo—Figan, Faben, Freud, Fifi, naFlint—vakateverwa kwemakumi emakore, vachiva mhuri chaiyo yakabvumira kudzidza zvakawanda. Maitiro ekugara nevanhu, maitiro ekurera vana, uye nzira dzekutarisira mhuri kukwira muhutongi hwepamusoro.
Vamwe vanhu, vakaita se MikeVakachinja kubva pakuva pasi kusvika pakuva varume verudzi rwe alpha vachishandisa simba rechisimba asi ungwaru uye hunyanzvi: akava nemukurumbira wekushandisa ngoma dzesimbi kugadzira ruzha runoshamisa panguva yekuratidzwa kwake, izvo zvakatyisidzira vakwikwidzi vake uye zvakasimbisa mukurumbira wake.
Jane akaonawo zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinoonekwa nevanhu zvichiratidza rudo: kumbundirana, kutsvodana, kupuruzirana kumusana, kukwenya uye mitambo Maitiro aya anosimbisa hukama pakati paamai, vana, vanun'una, neshamwari dzepedyo. Kana chimpanzi chikarasikirwa kana kukuvara, vamwe vanouya kuzochinyaradza, kugadzirirana, kana kungogara pedyo, zvichiratidza tsitsi dzinoshamisa.
Mukutsanangura hukama hwaamai nemwana, Goodall akasimbisa kukosha kukuru kwe zviitiko zvepakutanga mukukura kwemunhu kwakazotevera, chimwe chinhu chakaenderana nezvakawanikwa mupfungwa dzevana. Zvaakaona nezvekusuruvara, kuparadzana, uye kushungurudzika mumachimpanzee zvave zvakakosha pakunzwisisa migumisiro yekuva nherera nekushaya hanya mumapute.
Gombe, rabhoritari yechisikigo yakasiyana
Gombe Stream National Park, ine 35 km² chete kumabvazuva kweLake Tanganyika, yave nzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda. imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa mu biology yemaitiroZvakatanga muna 1960 senzvimbo diki yekucherechedza zvakazoshanduka nekufamba kwemakore kuita Gombe Stream Research Centre, nzvimbo inoonekwa pasi rose.
Kupfuurisa Zvinyorwa zvesainzi mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu uye zvidzidzo zvechiremba zvinosvika makumi mashanuKuwedzera kumabhuku akawanda nemadocumentary akaunza hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemachimpanzee emusango pedyo neveruzhinji, kuenderera mberi kwechirongwa ichi, nezvinyorwa zvakaunganidzwa kwemakumi emakore, kunobvumira kudzidza nezvenyaya dzakaoma dzakadai sekukwegura, shanduko dzezvizvarwa, kutapurirana kwetsika, uye mhedzisiro yenguva refu yezvirwere.
Gombe yagara iri musha wevaongorori vakakosha muzvidzidzo zvekutanga kwehupenyu hwevanhu uye dzidziso dzekushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu. Rimwe remapurojekiti akaomarara rave riri kuunganidzwa nekuchengetwa kwemabhuku ese emumunda, mapikicha nemavhidhiyo naJane nechikwata chake. Kuti ruzivo urwu rusarasike, Jane Goodall Institute yakagadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetedza zvinyorwa paYunivhesiti yeMinnesota, uye zvakaunganidzwa zvacho zvakazoendeswa kuYunivhesiti yeDuke, kwazvakaiswa padhijitari uye zvakaiswa mudhatabhesi repamhepo.
Ruzivo rwakawanda rwakawanikwa muGombe rwakabatsira, semuenzaniso, kugadzirazve nhoroondo dzemadzinza, kudzidza nezvekuvapo kwemapatya, kunyora zvirwere, uye kuongorora madzibaba kuburikidza ne DNA inobviswa mutsvina uye kuenzanisa maitiro panguva dzakasiyana. Mhando shoma dzemhuka dzakateverwa zvakadzama kudaro kwenguva yakareba.
Uyezve, Gombe ndiyo nzvimbo yaiitirwa mafirimu akawanda, kutanga ne Miss Goodall neMachimpanzi Emusango Mumakore ekuma60, yakatorwa mifananidzo nemufotori Hugo van Lawick, murume wekutanga waJane. Iyi mifananidzo yemavhidhiyo, pamwe chete nemabasa akazotevera akadai se Pakati peMachimpanzi Emusango, Jane o Jane Goodall: Tariro Huru, rave riri basa guru mukubatsira mamiriyoni evanhu kuti kuti vaone nemaziso avo hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemachimpanzee.
Kubva kumaruwa kusvika kumabasa epasi rose: Jane Goodall Institute neRoots & Shoots
Kunyangwe Jane akaramba akabatana neGombe nesainzi, pakati pemakore ekuma80 akasarudza siya basa remumunda rezuva nezuva kuti vatarise pakuchengetedza, dzidzo, uye kudzivirira kugara zvakanaka kwemhuka. Iye pachake akataura kuti musangano wezvidzidzo zvemhuka muna 1986, umo mishumo yakaipa yakapihwa pamusoro pekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye kubatwa zvisina kunaka kwetsoko huru mumarabhoritari nemasokisi, yakaratidza kuchinja kukuru.
Akanga atotanga Jane Goodall Institute (JGI)JGI, sangano rakazvipira kuchengetedza chimpanzee nenharaunda dzadzo, pamwe nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vanogara pedyo nadzo, ikozvino yava nemahofisi angangoita makumi matatu munyika dzakasiyana. Rinovandudza mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza nharaunda, zvirongwa zvekusima masango patsva, mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa zvakatipoteredza, uye mapurogiramu ekuponesa mhuka dzerudzi rweprimate.
Muna 1991 akatanga chirongwa che Midzi & MabukiraChirongwa chekudzidzisa vechidiki chakatanga muTanzania neboka diki revechidiki vainetseka nezvekuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nematambudziko emagariro avakaona akavapoteredza. Zvakatanga semusangano paveranda yavo muDar es Salaam zvakura kusvika pakuva network iripo munyika dzinopfuura 60-100 (zvichienderana nekwakabva) uye zviuru zvemapoka anoshanda.
Roots & Shoots inokurudzira vana nevechidiki kugadzira mapurojekiti chaiwo ekuvandudza nharaunda yavoKubva pamabasa ekugadzirisa zvirimwa kusvika pakudyara miti patsva, kuchengetedza mhuka dzemuno, uye kutsigira nharaunda dzisina dziviriro, pfungwa iyi iri nyore asi ine simba: munhu wese anogona kuita mutsauko, zvisinei nekuti ungaratidzika kunge mudiki sei, uye huwandu hwezviito zvakawanda zvemuno hunounza simba pasi rose.
Kurwira kodzero kwaJane kwakaitawo kuti apinde muzvikonzero zvakaita se Chirongwa cheGreat Apeiyo inokurudzira kupa dzimwe kodzero dzakakosha (rusununguko, dziviriro kubva pakutambudzwa, kuvimbika kwemuviri) kumatsoko makuru asiri vanhu, pamwe nekurwisa kuedza kwemhuka dzinonzi primate, kurima mhuka dzepapurazi zvakanyanya uye kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango.
Kuzivikanwa, mibairo uye fungidziro yetsika
Kubudirira kwebasa raJane Goodall kwakaratidzwa mune runyorwa runoshamisa rwemibairo, rukudzo uye mibairo akapihwa nemasangano esainzi, hurumende, nemasangano pasi rese. Pakati peanonyanya kurumbidzwa zvinosanganisira Kyoto Prize in Basic Science, Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Sciences, Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research, Tyler Prize, uye French Legion of Honor.
MuBritain, akagadzwa Mutungamiriri weDare reBritain, achiwana mubairo paBuckingham Palace, uye gare gare akapihwa zita rekuti United Nations Messenger of Peace, zita rakapihwa naKofi Annan muna 2002 mukucherechedza basa rake rekuchengetedza rugare, nharaunda nekodzero dzemhuka.
Akawana madhigirii epamusoro-soro akawanda kubva kumayunivhesiti ekuEurope, America, Africa, neAsia, zvichisimbisa mukurumbira wake kwete semuongorori chete, asiwo semunhu munhu anofarira mukurumbira uye muenzaniso wetsikaUNESCO, National Geographic Society nemasangano akawanda esainzi vakamuziva semumwe wevanhu vakuru mubiology nekuchengetedza kwezana remakore rechi20 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi21.
Kuvapo kwake kwakapindawo mutsika dzevanhu: akapihwa rukudzo muna nhepfenyuro dzemifananidzo, mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira uye mapurojekiti ehunyanzviAkaonekwa muchirongwa cheApple che "Think Different", akapa izwi rake kumapurojekiti akaita se "Symphony of Science," uye akashanda sekufuridzira vatambi vari munhevedzano dzakadai se Iyo Sango Thornberry kana ma parodies mu The SimpsonsKunyangwe Lego naMattel vane maseti nemadhori zvakatsaurirwa kwaari muunganidzwa wezvidhori zvinopemberera vakadzi vanokurudzira.
Kunze kwekunyanya kutaurwa nezvenhau, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti chimiro chake chakabatsira zvizvarwa zvese kufarira dzidziso ye primatology, tsika dzemhuka, uye kuchengetedzakunyanya vasikana vazhinji vaimuona semusayendisiti akazvipira uye anotaurika naye.
Basa rakanyorwa uye nhaka yepfungwa
Basa raJane Goodall haringogumiri mumabhuku ake ebasa; akazvipirawo kubhuku rake rezvemabhuku. kuburitswa kwakakura kwemabhuku esainzi nesainzi akakurumbira, kune vakuru nevana nevechidiki. Mamwe emabasa ake ane simba guru ndeaya Mumumvuri weMunhu, kwaanotsanangura makore ake ekutanga kuGombe uye anoratidza chimpanzi sevanhu vane nhoroondo yavo.
Basa rake guru resainzi ndiro MaTsuro eGombe: Maitiro Ekuzvibata, basa guru raanoronga makumi emakore eruzivo pamusoro zvakatipoteredza, hukama hwevanhu, kubereka, kushandiswa kwezvishandiso uye kutaurirana muzvimupanzi zvekuGombe. Bhuku iri rave bhuku rinokosha kune chero ani zvake ari kutsvaga maitiro emhuka dzerudzi rwechimupanzi.
Panyaya yemunhu, mazita akadai sekuti Pahwindo o Chikonzero Chetariro Zvinosanganisa ndangariro, kufungisisa kwemweya, uye nyaya dzezvakawanikwa, zvichipa ruzivo rwakajeka pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaitika kare. kusava nechokwadi kwavo, kutya kwavo, mufaro wavo, uye zvavanotendaAkanyorawo pamwe chete mabasa ane chekuita netsika dzemhuka nekuchengetedza mhuka, akadai se Zvivimbo Gumi kana mabhuku anotarisa pamusoro pezvisikwa zviri munjodzi.
Kune vaverengi vechidiki, Jane akanyora nyaya dzakawanda nemabhuku emifananidzo, akadai se Hupenyu Hwangu neMachimpanzi, Bhuku reMhuri yeChimpanzee kana nyaya dzakadai se Dr. White y Gondo neWren, yaanotsvaga nayo kuti vataure shoko ravo rekuremekedza zvisikwa zvose zvipenyu kusvika kuzvizvarwa zvitsva kubva paudiki.
Kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, zvakaita sezvakaitika mubhuku Mbeu dzeTariro, umo zvidimbu zvakawanikwa zvisina kunyorwa zvakanaka, Jane akabvuma pachena chikanganiso chake. uye vakavimbisa kuongorora zvakanyorwa, vachiratidzawo divi remunhu remunhu anowanzo fungidzirwa semunhu chaiye.
Makakatanwa enzira dzekuita uye gakava resainzi
Basa raJane Goodall musainzi harina matambudziko aro. nharo dzemaitiro nekuongororaKubva pakutanga, sarudzo yake yekutumidza chimpanzee mazita uye kukurukura manzwiro nehunhu yakatsoropodzwa sedzidziso yehunhu hwevanhu. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, vazhinji vesainzi vakabvuma kuti maitiro ake akavhura mukana wekunzwisisa pfungwa dzemhuka zvakanyanya.
Chimwe chinhu chakonzera gakava kwave kushandiswa kwe zviteshi zvemagetsi kuti zvikwezve machimpanzi, kunyanya mumakore ekutanga kuGombe. Vamwe vanoongorora nezvemhuka dzekare vakataura kuti kupa mhuka uku kungave kwakawedzera hukasha, kwakachinja maitiro ekutsvaga chikafu, uye kwakakurudzira kusawirirana pakati pemapoka, kusanganisira Hondo yeGombe yakakurumbira.
Vaongorori vakaita saMargaret Power vakabvunza kuti data rakaunganidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya rinoratidza "maitiro echimupanzi" echimupanzi kusvika papi. Vamwe, vakaita saJim Moore, vakaramba kushoropodza uku, vachiti maitiro akafanana akaonekwa mumapoka asina kupihwa rubatsiro. mazinga akafanana ekutsamwa uye mamiriro akafanana enzvimbo.
Chikafu chaive chishandiso chaive chakakosha chose. Pakutanga, izvi zvaidikanwa kuti vanhu vanyatsoona hukama hwevanhu, pasina izvozvo ruzivo rwakawanda rwainge rwaunganidzwa rungadai rusina. Akabvuma kuti kukanganiswa kwakanga kwamuka mukusimba kwemaitiro mamwe, asi akaramba achiti hunhu hwechisimba nehurongwa hwakanga hwatovapo.
Hupenyu hwemunhu, zvekunamata uye makore ekupedzisira
Basa raJane Goodall harigoni kuparadzaniswa zvachose naye nhoroondo yemunhu pachake uye yemanzwiroMuna 1964 akaroorwa nemufotori weNational Geographic Hugo van Lawick, uyo akanyora mabasa ake kuGombe nezviuru zvemifananidzo nemaawa ekutora mifananidzo muma1960 nema1970. Vakava nemwanakomana mumwe chete, Hugo Eric Louis, uye vakarambana muna 1974.
Gare gare, muna 1975, akaroora Derek BrycesonSemunhu wezvematongerwo enyika wekuTanzania uye mutungamiriri wemapaki enyika, chinzvimbo chake chakamubvumira kuchengetedza chirongwa cheGombe nekudzikamisa kushanya uye kuona kuti pave nenzvimbo yakanyarara yekutsvagisa. Bryceson akafa muna 1980 nekenza, zvikasiya Jane ari chirikadzi uye akazvipira zvakanyanya kubasa rake nebasa rake rakakura semunhu anozivikanwa neruzhinji.
Panyaya yemweya, Jane akaratidza chiono chakavhurika: anoti anotenda mune simba guru remweyaAnonzwa izvi zvakanyanya kana ari muzvisikwa, kunyange zvazvo asinganyatsoomerera kune chero chitendero. Uhu hwemweya hunomuperekedza muhurukuro dzake, umo anowanzo kurudzira tariro uye mutoro wetsika kune zvimwe zvisikwa.
Kusvika nguva pfupi denda reCOVID-19 risati rasvika, Goodall akaramba achifamba zvinoshamisa, achipedza mazuva anopfuura mazana matatu pagore pamisangano, misangano nevechidiki, kushanyira mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza nharaunda, uye zviitiko zverudo. Kunyangwe makore apfuura, akaramba aripo. izwi rinoshingaira rinopesana nekuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, utsinye hwemhuka uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Akapedza makore ake ekupedzisira pakati pekumba kwake kuEngland nerwendo rwake rwakareba rwekunze kwenyika. Vanyori verufu vakataura kuti Akafa ava nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe, muna 2025.Munguva yerwendo rwake rwekudzidzisa muUnited States, akasiya boka guru remapurojekiti, vadzidzi, uye vanomuyemura vanoenderera mberi nebasa rake.
Kutarisa mufananidzo wese, hupenyu hwaJane Goodall nebasa rake zvinoumba nyaya inonakidza iyo zvinosangana zvakawanikwa nesainzi zvinochinja-chinja, tsitsi dzisingawanzoonekwi kune zvimwe zvipenyu, uye kushingaira kusingaperiAkaratidza kuti chimpanzee dzinogadzira uye dzinoshandisa maturusi, dzinovhima, dzinorwa hondo, dzinoda, dzinotsamwa, uye dzinochema; kuti nzanga dzadzo dzakazara nezvinhu zvidiki; uye kuti, nekudzicherechedza neruremekedzo, tinopedzisira tava kubvunza nezvemarudzi edu. Nhaka yake ichiripo nanhasi muzvidzidzo zvese zvechinyakare, muzvirongwa zvese zvedzidzo zvine zita rake, uye muzviuru zvevechidiki avo, vakafuridzirwa nemuenzaniso wake, vakasarudza kutsaurira hupenyu hwavo mukutarisira mhuka nepasi.
