Kubva patinenge tiri vana uye patinotora peni kekutanga, tinonzwa kuda kukuru kwe zadza mapendero, matafura, uye manotsi nemadoodlesKuda kunyora zvese uku hakusi kungonakidzwa chete: imbeu yechimwe chinhu chakadzama zvikuru, chishuwo chimwe chete chakaita kuti madzitateguru edu adhirowe mifananidzo pamadziro emapako, kuvaka matemberi nematombo machena, kana kupenda mifananidzo iyo yava kuzadza mamiziyamu. Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi mumakomikiYakagadzirwa napurofesa uye mufananidzi wemifananidzo Pedro Cifuentes, inotangira pamubvunzo iwoyo chaiwo: chii chinotikurudzira kugadzira mifananidzo uye kuishandura kuita hunyanzvi?
Pakati pemabhuku enyaya dzenyaya dzinosetsa nebhuku remazano, mabhuku aya ave bhuku remazano. chirongwa chekudzidzisa chekutanga chinoshandisa nyaya dzine mifananidzo kutsanangura kushanduka kweunyanzvi kubva munyika yekare kusvika muzana remakore rechi20 (uye kupfuura, kana tiri kutaura chokwadi). Hapana magwaro asingaverengeki kana runyorwa rwemazita ekurangarira: pano, chinangwa chiri pamifananidzo, kusetsa, mareferensi etsika, uye boka revadzidzi vanofamba munguva neProfesa wavo, alter ego yemunyori. Mhedzisiro yacho muunganidzwa unotamba senyaya yekutamba asi, usingazvizivi, unokudzidzisa kuti stylobate chii, kuti nguva yeBaroque inoshanda sei, kana kuti nei tichiri kukakavadzana nezveParthenon Marbles.
Iko kuunganidza Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi mumakomiki akazvarwa sa Chirongwa chedzidzo chakagadzirirwa kuunza hunyanzvi pedyo nevateereri veseAsi ine vanhu vakajeka kwazvo: vadzidzi vari mumakore ekupedzisira echikoro chepuraimari nesekondari. Mugadziri wayo, Pedro Cifuentes, mudzidzisi wezvemagariro evanhu pachikoro chesekondari muCastellón, uye apedza makore anopfuura gumi achiedza mashandisirwo emakomiki sechishandiso chekudzidza mukirasi asati atanga rwendo urwu rwekuburitsa mabhuku.
Nhevedzano iyi yakagadzirwa serwendo rwakakwana kuburikidza nenhoroondo yeunyanzvi kuburikidza mavhoriyamu matanhatu ane mapeji akazara zana ane mavara anosvika zanaNekuumbwa kwenzvimbo kunobatsira zvikuru pakuburitsa mapeji mukirasi, pfungwa ndeyekuti vhoriyamu yega yega inogona kushanda sekuverenga wega, kunakidzwa kumba sebhuku rakanaka remabhuku emakatuni, uye sezvinhu zvekutsigira mukirasi zvine chikamu chakasimba chedzidzo, asi pasina kurasikirwa nekumhanya kwayo uye kusetsa.
Injini yekurondedzera inogara yakafanana: mudzidzisi ane hunyanzvi nevadzidzi vake—boka rinoratidzwa zvakanaka. zvinonetsa, majee, uye tsika dzevana vemazuva ano— Vanotanga rwendo rwekufamba kwenguva runovatungamira kuti vataurirane nevanyori vemifananidzo, vamwari, vanyori, nevanhu venhoroondo vanobva panguva imwe neimwe. Havangotaridzi mabasa ari mubhokisi rekuratidzira chete: vanopinda mutemberi, masikweya, maguta, nemamiziyamu, vachitaura nevatambi vavo, uye vanoona hunyanzvi muchimiro, sechikamu chetsika.
Chinonakidza ndechekuti nzira iyi haisi nyaya yekungotaura nyaya chete. Cifuentes anoziva kuti chinhu chikuru chiri mu “dzidzisa nekunakidzwa” (docere et delectare): tanga wabatanidza muverengi nevatambi vanowirirana, magags anoonekwa, uye mareferensi kutsika dzakakurumbira (dze Star Wars a Mutambo waMatombo), uye shandisa mukana wekuda ikoko kuti upinde mupfungwa dzenhoroondo yeunyanzvi, mazwi ehunyanzvi uye gakava riripo pari zvino pamusoro penhaka pasina kunetsa.
Uyezve, muunganidzwa uyu wave basa rekutarisa mukati mechikamu chedzidzo kwete nekuda kwemakomiki pachawo, asiwo nekuda kwe zvombo zvekuwedzera izvo zvinovaperekedza: maposta, mifananidzo yakapendwa, nguva, mapepa ekudzidzisa, mitambo yekurangarira, zvishandiso zvemitambo ... Zvese zvakagadzirwa kuitira kuti vadzidzisi nenzvimbo dzekudzidzisa vagone kushandura makirasi kuita mamiziyamu echokwadi kana matembere echiGiriki vasina kufa mukuedza kugadzirira zvinhu kubva pakutanga.
Chii chinonzi "Nhoroondo yeUnyanzvi muComics" uye nei ichifadza kudaro?
Iko kuunganidza Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi mumakomiki akazvarwa sa Chirongwa chedzidzo chakagadzirirwa kuunza hunyanzvi pedyo nevateereri veseAsi ine vanhu vakajeka kwazvo: vadzidzi vari mumakore ekupedzisira echikoro chepuraimari nesekondari. Mugadziri wayo, Pedro Cifuentes, mudzidzisi wezvemagariro evanhu pachikoro chesekondari muCastellón, uye apedza makore anopfuura gumi achiedza mashandisirwo emakomiki sechishandiso chekudzidza mukirasi asati atanga rwendo urwu rwekuburitsa mabhuku.
Nhevedzano iyi yakagadzirwa serwendo rwakakwana kuburikidza nenhoroondo yeunyanzvi kuburikidza mavhoriyamu matanhatu ane mapeji akazara zana ane mavara anosvika zanaNekuumbwa kwenzvimbo kunobatsira zvikuru pakuburitsa mapeji mukirasi, pfungwa ndeyekuti vhoriyamu yega yega inogona kushanda sekuverenga wega, kunakidzwa kumba sebhuku rakanaka remabhuku emakatuni, uye sezvinhu zvekutsigira mukirasi zvine chikamu chakasimba chedzidzo, asi pasina kurasikirwa nekumhanya kwayo uye kusetsa.
Injini yekurondedzera inogara yakafanana: mudzidzisi ane hunyanzvi nevadzidzi vake—boka rinoratidzwa zvakanaka. zvinonetsa, majee, uye tsika dzevana vemazuva ano— Vanotanga rwendo rwekufamba kwenguva runovatungamira kuti vataurirane nevanyori vemifananidzo, vamwari, vanyori, nevanhu venhoroondo vanobva panguva imwe neimwe. Havangotaridzi mabasa ari mubhokisi rekuratidzira chete: vanopinda mutemberi, masikweya, maguta, nemamiziyamu, vachitaura nevatambi vavo, uye vanoona hunyanzvi muchimiro, sechikamu chetsika.
Chinonakidza ndechekuti nzira iyi haisi nyaya yekungotaura nyaya chete. Cifuentes anoziva kuti chinhu chikuru chiri mu “dzidzisa nekunakidzwa” (docere et delectare): tanga wabatanidza muverengi nevatambi vanowirirana, magags anoonekwa, uye mareferensi kutsika dzakakurumbira (dze Star Wars a Mutambo waMatombo), uye shandisa mukana wekuda ikoko kuti upinde mupfungwa dzenhoroondo yeunyanzvi, mazwi ehunyanzvi uye gakava riripo pari zvino pamusoro penhaka pasina kunetsa.
Uyezve, muunganidzwa uyu wave basa rekutarisa mukati mechikamu chedzidzo kwete nekuda kwemakomiki pachawo, asiwo nekuda kwe zvombo zvekuwedzera izvo zvinovaperekedza: maposta, mifananidzo yakapendwa, nguva, mapepa ekudzidzisa, mitambo yekurangarira, zvishandiso zvemitambo ... Zvese zvakagadzirwa kuitira kuti vadzidzisi nenzvimbo dzekudzidzisa vagone kushandura makirasi kuita mamiziyamu echokwadi kana matembere echiGiriki vasina kufa mukuedza kugadzirira zvinhu kubva pakutanga.
Kwakatangira: chirongwa chekutsvaga mari kubva kuvanhu vakawanda chakakundikana
Tisati tasvika muzvitoro zvemabhuku nekuda kwaDesperta Ferro, "Nhoroondo yeUnyanzvi muMakomiki" yakatanga sepurojekiti yekubatsira vanhu vakawanda paVerkami. Pfungwa yekutanga yaive yakapfava: kudhindwa kwekutanga kwemakopi angangoita mazana matatu evhoriyamu 1, akatsaurirwa kunyika yekare, pepa rakarembera, chimiro chemamiriro enzvimbo, mapeji emavara zana nemana, nemuunganidzwa mudiki wemibairo yekutsigira kuburitswa kwacho.
Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vakapfuura zvaitarisirwa. Mushandirapamwe uyu wakawana mari yaidiwa mumaawa makumi mana nemasere chete, uye mukati memazuva... Mari yacho yaipfuura 6000, yozosvika 9000, uye vaitoda kusvika 12000 euros.Kufarira kwevadzidzisi, vaverengi vemabhuku emakomiki, uye vanoda hunyanzvi hakuna kungovimbisa kuvapo kwevhoriyamu yekutanga chete, asiwo kwakakudza basa rechirongwa ichi uye kuchipfumisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvedzidzo.
Zvinangwa zvemari pazvakazadzikiswa, Pedro Cifuentes akazivisa mibairo mitsva: Mifananidzo yepamusoro-soro yemagamba kubva mungano dzevaGiriki neveRomaMutambo wePDF wekurangarira une mifananidzo yeunyanzvi hwekare ine zvikamu makumi maviri, mifananidzo yemifananidzo yakarongwa panguva, uye, semutambo wekupedzisira mukuru, "mifananidzo yakachekwa" kana zvikamu zvine mifananidzo zvezvivakwa zvezviratidzo zvakaita seColosseum, Parthenon kana Mabhati eCaracalla.
Munyori pachake akasimbirira kubva pakutanga kuti chinonyanya kukosha kwaari kwaive Kuchengetedza hunhu hwakanaka kupfuura kuzara kweprojekiti nekutengesa zvinhu zvakawandaPanzvimbo pemabheji, maT-shirt nezvimwe zvinhu, akasarudza kushandisa mari yakawanda mukuvandudza zvinhu zvekudzidzisa nekupa zvinhu zvinobatsira mukirasi: mifananidzo mikuru yemadziro inosvika 1x3 metres, yakagadzirira kuturika mumakoridho, maraibhurari kana makirasi, uye yakagadzirwa se "mahwindo" chaiwo kunyika yekare.
Mushandirapamwe uyu wakavhurawo mukana wekugadzira mafomati akakosha enzvimbo dzedzidzo: mapaketi ane makopi gumi ebhuku renyaya iyi, pamwe nemifananidzo mikuru yekushongedza nzvimbo dzechikoro, zvese zviri pa mitengo yakaderedzwa uye kudhindwa kushoma kwevanotsigira vekutangaKugamuchirwa kwakanaka kwakaitwa nemunyori uyu kwakakurudzira kuti aronge purogiramu yakakura: mavhoriyamu maviri pagore kusvika nhevedzano iyi yapera mumakore angangoita mashanu, achibatanidza nguva dzose mabhuku enyaya dzemakomiki nezvinhu zvedzidzo.
Chimiro chine mavhoriyamu matanhatu chekufukidza nhoroondo yese yeunyanzvi
Kuronga kwese kwenhevedzano Izvi zvinotevera, sezvakakurudzirwa pakutanga kweprojekiti uye zvakabatanidzwa muDesperta Ferro edition:
- Vhoriyamu 1: Nyika YekareYakatsaurirwa kuhunyanzvi hwechiGiriki neRoma, ngano dzavo, magadzirirwo ezvivakwa, zvifananidzo uye nhaka mutsika dzekuMadokero.
- Vhoriyamu 2: Nguva dzepakatiKushanya mumamongi, machechi echiGothic, manyoro ane chiedza, uye mifananidzo yekufananidzira yepakati nepakati.
- Vhoriyamu 3: Renaissance uye MannerismKuwanikwa patsva kwetsika dzechinyakare, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael uye shanduko yemaonero.
- Vhoriyamu 4: Nguva yeBaroqueVelázquez, Rubens, Rembrandt, Bernini uye hunyanzvi hwemitambo hunofadza huzere nekusiyana.
- Vhoriyamu 5: Zana Remakore RechimurengaUnyanzvi hwezana remakore rechi19, kubva kuma academy kusvika kuImpressionism uye mafambiro ekutanga e-avant-garde.
- Vhoriyamu 6: Rwendo kuburikidza neunyanzvi hwemazuva anoKubva muzana remakore rechi20 kusvika nhasi: ma avant-gardes, hunyanzvi hwepfungwa, mamiziyamu emazuva ano uye nhaurirano dziripo.
Vhoriyamu yega yega yakarongwa semhando ye Rwendo rwekutungamira rwakatungamirirwa naPurofesa nevadzidzi vake, ine nzvimbo dzekumira panzvimbo dzakakosha mu mepu yenyikaAtene, Rome, Petra, British Museum, machechi ekare, dzimba dzehumambo dzeBaroque, maworkshop eRenaissance, nzvimbo dzemuzana remakore rechi19, uye magallery eunyanzvi emazuva ano. Munzvimbo imwe neimwe, vanosangana nevanyori vemifananidzo, vafungi, uye vanhu vane mukurumbira mumabhuku vanova vatungamiriri vavo vakasiyana.
Semuenzaniso, mumavhoriyamu ekutanga akatoburitswa, nyika yekare inobatanidza vanhu vakaita se Sappho, Homer, Herodotus kana mwarikadzi Athenaizvo zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti runako rwevaGiriki neveRoma rwakagadzirwa sei; nepo muMiddle Ages, Averroes naWilliam veBaskerville vanoonekwa, zvichitiyeuchidza nezve Zita rerosiQuasimodo nevamwe vatambi vanosanganisa nhoroondo nengano kuratidza fungidziro dzekare.
Mumabhuku akatsaurirwa kuRenaissance neBaroque, vashandi vanowedzera ne Kutanga kwekupenda nekuveza kweEuropeLeonardo da Vinci, uyo vatambi vanototora ma selfie naye; Michelangelo naDavid wake, izvo zvinoratidza kudzoreredzwa kwetsika yekare; Artemisia Gentileschi, akabvumidzwa semumwe wevanyori vakuru vakakanganikwa zvisina kururama; Velázquez, nevasikana vake nekutarisa kwavo kwekutamba; Rubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio nerutivi rwavo rwemusango, kana Bernini naBorromini sevanhu vakuru vezvifananidzo zveBaroque nekuvaka.
Musanganiswa uyu wenyaya dzakaitika kare uye kuenderana netsika dzakakurumbira kunoita kuti nyaya idzi dzive dzakanakira vese vatsva muunyanzvi nevaverengi vane ruzivo vanofarira kutsvaga zviratidzo. mareferensi emafirimu, makomiki kana mabhuku enganonyorwa zvinopinda mumashure: zve Ishe wemhete a Mwanasikana wamambo akapfimbana, achipfuura Wechidiki Frankenstein o Nyaya isingaperi.
Nyika yekare: kubva pakudhirowa kwebako kusvika kumatombo emabwe eRoma
Vhoriyamu yekutanga, Nhoroondo yeUnyanzvi muMakomiki. Vhoriyamu 1: Nyika YekareUyu pamwe ndiwo muenzaniso wakanakisa wekuti fomura yenhevedzano iyi inoshanda sei. Mumapeji ayo anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe, muverengi anoperekedza Purofesa nevadzidzi vake pa rwendo runonakidza kuburikidza neGirisi yekare neRoma, kubva kumatembere ekutanga kusvika kumaguta makuru eUmambo.
Kunyangwe hazvo chinangwa chiri paunyanzvi hwechiGiriki neRoma, rwendo rwacho harungogumiri pakutevedzana kwemazuva nemaitiro. Vatambi vakuru vanozviwana vari muAthens kuti vanzwisise kuti chii chinonzi stylobate, vakarasika muMycenae, vafambe vachienda kuPetra nePompeii, vatarise Trajan's Column, uye vanosangana nemifananidzo yakaita se Chimera waArezzo kana David waMichelangelo, rinoshandiswa pano sechiratidzo chekuwanikwazve kwetsika dzechinyakare mazana emakore gare gare.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinosimbisa vhoriyamu ndechekuti inokwanisa sei... Mashoko ehunyanzvi anowira pasi zvisingatarisirwi.Pakati pemajee, muverengi anodzidza mazwi ekuvaka, anoziva marongerwo ekare, anonzwisisa chinosiyanisa temberi yechiGiriki neyeRoma, kana kuti nei zvimwe zvifananidzo zvakazova mienzaniso yepasi rose. Usati wazviziva, unogona kuona guru reIonic nereKorinde usina kumbovhura bhuku gobvu.
Makomiki haakanganwi divi riri pedyo nejogirafi yedu: kune chikamu chinoshamisa chakatsaurirwa kuna Roman Hispania, inoonekwa sekunge yaive panorama yemafirimuMuverengi anofamba nemuTarraco, Segovia, Baelo Claudia, Italica kana Mérida, uye anoona kuti ma theatre, migero yemvura neforamu zvakabatanidzwa sei munzvimbo yepeninsula.
Sekunge izvozvo hazvina kukwana, bhuku iri rine mifananidzo midiki yakagadzirirwa vanoda mafirimu nevanoda hunyanzvi. Dzimwe nguva rinoonekwa kubva pakati pemakoramu nemapedhi. mufananidzo waAlma Tadema, mufananidzo weMonty Python une toni yesardoniki kana majee madiki anoderedza mukana wekuti "Stendhal syndrome" inokonzerwa nerunako rwakawanda rwakawanda. Kusetsa, zvakare, kunoshanda sevharuvhu yekusunungura uye sechiredzo chekuchengetedza kutariswa.
Kubva kuMiddle Ages kusvika kuBaroque: kupfuura bhuku reEurocentrism
Mushure mekubudirira kwenyika yekare, rwendo rwunoenderera mberi Middle Ages, Renaissance y The Baroqueuko Cifuentes anozvibvumira kutamba zvakanyanya ne zvatinotarisira kubva panguva inoSemuenzaniso, Middle Ages haichave "chinhu chakasviba pakati peRoma neRenaissance" kuratidza kupfuma kwayo kwese: machechi eRoma, machechi eGothic anonongedzera kudenga, mahwindo egirazi ane mavara, manyoro ane chiedza uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwakasiyana zvikuru kupfuura zvatinofungidzira.
Mumabhuku aya, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufungwa nemunyori chinonyatsoonekwa: kuputsa tsika yekare yeEurocentrism yemabhuku echikoroKunyangwe Europe iri pachena kuti ine basa guru, haisiriyo senzvimbo iri yoga, asi kuti iri mukukurukurirana nguva dzose nedzimwe tsika. Zvinotaurwa nezvezviri kuitika panguva imwe chete muAmerica, Africa, neAsia, uye zvinocherechedzwa kuti nepo machechi makuru ari kuvakwa panzvimbo imwe, tsika dzine hunyanzvi hwakaoma zvakafanana dziri kubudirira mune imwe nzvimbo.
Bhuku reRenaissance rinoshandisa simba remagineti revanhu vanozivikanwa vakaita saLeonardo da Vinci, avo vana vanozopedzisira vavakumbira. kutora maselfies pakati pemadhirowa nemishini isingagonekeKana kuti Michelangelo, uyo anova musuwo wenyaya dzakadai semaumbirwo emuviri, chiyero, uye kushandiswa kwemabhura. Muverengi anopupurira kuberekwa kwemaonero, anoshanyira maworkshop nemakamuri ekucheka, uye anonzwisisa kuti nei kuputika uku kwekugadzira kwakaratidza shanduko huru.
En The BaroqueDambudziko riripo. Purofesa nevamiririri vemabhuku emakomiki vanoshinga kusangana nepfungwa iyi. hofori dzakadai saVelázquez, Rubens, Rembrandt kana CaravaggioPamusoro pekushanyira nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekuvaka dzakadai seSt. Peter's Basilica muVatican, Palace of Versailles, Canaletto's Venice, kana matombo anokosha ari kure seTaj Mahal neManila, vaverengi vanosangana nevanhu vane mukurumbira vakaita seMusikana ane Pearl Earring kana Infanta Margarita, vanounza chiso chemunhu kumifananidzo inozivikanwa pasi rose.
Baroque, iyo mabhuku mazhinji anotsanangura seyakashongedzwa uye isingawanikwe, inoshandurwa pano kuita mabiko anoonekwa azere ne chiaroscuro, mutambo uye nyaya dzinofadzaInotsanangura kuti nei Caravaggio ichinzi "ine njodzi", inoparadzanisa kusawirirana kuripo pakati paBernini naBorromini, uye inoratidza kuti kupenda kweNorthern Europe kunotamba sei nechiedza nenzira yakasiyana zvachose nemifananidzo mikuru yeItaly.
Purojekiti yakakwana yekudzidzisa: makomiki, mifananidzo yemadziro, mapepa ebasa uye gamification
Kunze kwenyaya yemabhuku enyaya, "Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi mumakomiki" yakazvisimbisa senzvimbo yedzidzo chaiyoVhoriyamu yega yega inogona kutengwa mumabhuku ayo emakatuni chete (akadhindwa uye ari muPDF), asi kunewo mamwe mabhuku akawedzerwa anosanganisira budiriro yakazara yedzidzo, yakagadzirirwa vadzidzisi vanoda kushanda paunyanzvi mukirasi nenzira yakasiyana.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeizvi Zvishandiso zvekudzidzisa zvemabasa makuruizvo zvinobvumira kuongorora kwakadzama kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe neruzivo rwakakosha, mibvunzo yevadzidzi, mazano ekuita uye enzanisa matafuraMapepa aya ebasa akagadzirirwa kukopwa, kuratidzwa, kana kushandiswa muzviitiko zveboka mukirasi.
Rimwe boka rakakosha rinosanganisira seti dzekupenda Muchimiro cheA4: zvifananidzo zvechiGiriki, zvifananidzo zveRoma, zvivakwa zvetsika dzese dziri mbiri… Pane kuva "mifananidzo yekupenda" iri nyore, inova nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekugadzirisa maumbirwo, mavhoriyamu uye ruzivo rwezvivakwa uku mudzidzi achinakidzwa nemapenzura nemakaki.
Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukwezva mifananidzo mikuru: a Mifananidzo yeGreco-Roman Pantheon, nguva huru izvo zvinotora mazana emakore enhoroondo kana mapaneru akatsaurirwa kuZvishamiso Zvinomwe zveNyika Yekare. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Cifuentes yakatogadzira mifananidzo yakapendwa nemaoko inosvika 1x6 metres yekushongedza makamuri evashandi kana nzvimbo dzakajairika, ichisanganisa hunyanzvi, nhoroondo, tsika, uye kunyange mabikirwo ekubika ekare.
Zvese izvi zviwanikwa zvinowedzerwa nezvinhu zve Kugadzira mitambo: mitambo yekurangarira, matambudziko, matafura maviri ekupinda, uye matambudziko madiki ekuona izvo zvinokurudzira vadzidzi kuti vataure zviri mukati pane kungozviteerera chete. Munyori pachake anosimbirira kuti haadi kugadzira bhuku rekushandisa rakavharwa, asi kuti rive pokutangira rinochinjika: vadzidzisi vanogamuchira zvinhu zvemifananidzo zvemhando yepamusoro, asi vakasununguka kuzvigadzirisa, kusanganisa, uye kuyedza nazvo kuti vawedzere makirasi avo.
Mitauro, mafomati uye kuzivikanwa kwemasangano
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinogara zvichinetsa chirongwa ichi chave chiri ita kuti ive nyore kusvika kune vakawanda venharaunda yedzidzo sezvinobviraKunyangwe chinyorwa chekutanga chebhuku remakomiki chakabudiswa muchiSpanish - izvo zvine musoro kuti chinyorwe pakudhinda kwekutanga -, zvinhu zvekudzidzisa zvakabatanidzwa zvakagadzirwa muSpanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque, French neChirungu.
Avo vanosarudza maposta kana mifananidzo yakadhindwa vanosarudza mutauro mumwe chete wekudhinda, asi vachiri kugamuchira mumwe mutauro wakafanana. mafaira edhijitari mune mimwe mitauroIzvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa muzvikoro zvemitauro miviri kana munzvimbo dzine mitauro yakawanda. Shanduro yePDF yebhuku remakatuni, inosanganisirwa vatengi nevanotenga mamwe makopi, inobvumirawo mapeji kuratidzwa mukirasi, zvidimbu zvekudhindwa, kana zviitiko zvekugadzirirwa pasina zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri.
Magadzirirwo enzvimbo yemavhoriyamu haasi ekuda runako, asi chisarudzo chakaitwa nemaune. gadzirisa kuratidzwa pamabhodhi machena edhijitari nemapurojekitaNenzira iyi, mudzidzisi anogona kuratidza peji rakazara rine mapeji maviri pachikirini chekirasi oshanda naro sekunge riri slide rinopindirana, achitarisa pane zvimwe zvinhu, achibvunza vadzidzi mibvunzo, kana kubatanidza zviri mumifananidzo nezvimwe zviri muchikoro.
Hazvisi tsaona kuti basa raPedro Cifuentes rakagamuchira Mubairo weNyika weDzidzo yeKubudiriraMubairo uyu unoratidza kunaka kwebasa rake semunhu anonyanya kufarirwa nevanhu uye semutangiri wekushandiswa kwemakomiki pakudzidzisa. Asati awana muunganidzwa uyu, akanga atoburitsa mabasa akadai se Zvinangwa zveKubudirira kweMireniyamu muchimiro chemabhuku emakomiki o Mutambo weSDG, inosimudzirwa nemasangano akadai seAECID neMinistry of Education, pamusoro pekunyora makomiki mumabhuku eValencian akadai se Xiulit.
Kuchinja kubva pakutsvaga mari kubva ku crowdfunding kuenda kumabasa ehunyanzvi ekudhinda Despertaferro Ediciones Yaiva nhanho yechisikigo: kubudirira kwebhuku rekutanga rakadhindwa kwakaratidza pachena kuti chirongwa ichi chaive nemukana, uye munyori aida hurongwa hwekunyora hwaizovimbisa kudhindwazve, kugoverwa uye kuenderera mberi kwenyaya yacho pasina kuisa mutoro wese wezvinhu pamafudzi ake.
Munyori-mudzidzisi anodhirowa paanenge achidzidzisa (kana zvinopesana)
Kuseri kwekunyepedzera uku kune mufananidzo waPedro Cifuentes, mudzidzisi anowanzozviti munhu ane Anodhirowa achitaridzika zviri nani pane zvaari chaizvo mumifananidzo yake yemakomiki.Ave ari mukirasi kwemakore anopfuura gumi, uye anowanzo taura kuti kekutanga paakapinda mukirasi akaona kuti kumashure kwake kwaiva nekatuni hombe pasi rose: bhodhi rebhuraketi.
Kubva ipapo, anga achiongorora mikana ye Nhoroondo yeMifananidzo seChishandiso ChekudzidzisaAnopa makosi ekudzidzisa, maworkshop, uye hurukuro pamusoro penzira dzinoshanda dzinoshandiswa pakudzidzisa Nhoroondo neSainzi Yemagariro Evanhu. Chinangwa chake ndechekumutsa chaanoti "Sense of Wonder" muvechidiki: musanganiswa wekuda kuziva uye kushamisika kunoita kuti vadzidzi vade kudzidza zvakawanda ivo pachavo.
Maitiro ake ekudhirowa anoonekwa pakarepo: vatambi vanoyevedza, vane hunhu hwakanaka, vachifamba-famba munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye dzine simba. ruzivo rwenhoroondo uye mareferensi akabatanidzwaPamwe chete navo, pane hunhu hunoshamisa: Lómper, imbwa diki ine utera hwekunyora mimhanzi inoita semutambi uye mimhanzi yemakatuni, kusvika pakuita firimu rake diki remakatuni uye kuita, sezvinoita munyori achiseka, se "mupedzisi" wemabasa ake.
mumapeji e Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi mumakomiki Ruoko rwemunhu ane ruzivo rwezviri mukati nezviri mumutauro rwunoonekwa. Cifuentes haingowedzeri mabhuru ekutaura pamifananidzo chete: Inoshandisa zvese zviri mumakomiki—montage, rhythm, page composition— kusimbisa tsananguro. Kutenderera kwemazwi kunoshanda pakusvetuka-svetuka kwemazana emakore, kutevedzana kwakafanana kunoenzanisa mabasa, chirahwe chinoonekwa chinoputsa kuomarara kunogona kuitika kwepfungwa yedzidziso.
Avo vanosvika panhevedzano iyi vane ruzivo rwenhoroondo vanogara vachiwana zvinhu zvidiki zvavangave vasina kuzviona, kana kuti vanoshamisika kuona kuti pfungwa inoita seisina kusimba inopatsanurwa kuita mapaneru akajeka uye asingakanganwiki. Hazvishamisi kuti vaverengi vazhinji vakuru, kunyangwe avo vane ruzivo muArt History, vanobvuma kuti vane ruzivo Vakanakidzwa zvikuru uye vakadzidza zvinhu zvitsva. pakati pemajee.
Nei muunganidzwa uyu uchifanira kuwanikwa mukirasi yega yega (uye mudzimba dzakawanda)
Kana tichitarisa chirongwa ichi chose, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti sei vadzidzisi vazhinji, vanoongorora, nevaverengi vezvizvarwa zvakasiyana vachichikurudzira. Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi mumakomiki sebasa iro Inofanira kuva nenzvimbo inogara iripo mumaraibhurari ezvikoro nemumakirasi ezvikoro zvesekondari.Kwete nekuda kwezvarinotaura chete, asi nekuda kwekuti rinozvitaura sei.
Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira dzekuti "zviswededzere mabhuku ekare kune vechidiki" dzinowira mukuzvidza kana kurerutsa zvakanyanya, iyi inotanga nepfungwa yekuti vechidiki vanogona kubata nayo pfungwa dzakaoma, chero bedzi dzikapihwa nokutendeka uye nekukurumidza kwakanakaKusawirirana kwenhoroondo hakuna kuvharwa, uye nharo dzine minzwa hadzina kuvharwa: kune hurukuro yakajeka pamusoro pekuparadzwa kwenhaka, kupamba, gakava pamusoro pekudzorerwa kwemabasa akadai seParthenon Marbles, uye kusawirirana pakati pemamiziyamu nenyika dzaakabva.
Panguva imwe chete, muunganidzwa uyu unoratidza manzwiro uye ndangariro dzekare kune vaverengi vakuru. Nhevedzano dzemakore ekuma70 ne80 dzakadai se Pane imwe nguva…Mabhuku makuru ane mifananidzo kubva kuBruguera kana mabhuku engano akatorwa nevakawanda kubva kuraibhurari yechikoro anoonekwa se ruzivo rwemweya rwechirongwa ichi, iyo inovandudza mweya iwoyo kuchizvarwa chakajaira YouTube, mitambo yemavhidhiyo uye masocial network.
Mukuita, makomiki aya anoshanda se zambuko rekutanga rinoenda kuhuwandu hwemashoko akawandisaAvo vanozobatanidzwa pano vanogona kuzoenderera mberi nemabhuku ekudzidzisa akasarudzika, mabhuku ekunyora, kana nhoroondo huru dzeunyanzvi sedzaGombrich, asi vanozviita nemepu yepfungwa iripo uye zviratidzo zvakajeka. Ndosaka vadzidzisi vazhinji vachizvishandisa sesumo kana chiwedzero, kwete sekutsiva mamwe masosi.
"Nhoroondo yeUnyanzvi muMakomiki" inoratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kukurukura makoramu, manyorerwo enyaya, nguva, shanduko dzehunyanzvi, uye nhaurirano dzenhaka uchishandisa mutauro unosvikika, unonakidza, uye wakasimba. Nekuda kwepurofesa ane mwenje, boka revadzidzi vemazuva ano, uye imbwa diki inoda makoramu, Nhoroondo yeunyanzvi haichave runyorwa rwemazita asi inova rwendo rwunoenderera mberi Inotangira mumapako kusvika kuGuernica, ichipfuura nemuAthens, Rome, mamongi ekare, dzimba dzekare dzemabaroque, nemamiziyamu emazuva ano. Uye izvozvo, pakupedzisira, ndiko kukunda kukuru kwechirongwa ichi: kuita kuti munhu asina kumbozvibvunza mubvunzo wekuti "chii chinonzi hunyanzvi?" apedzisire abvunza mubvunzo uyu nechido chekuramba achiverenga.
