Iko kufona mupata weFrance munhoroondo yevanhu Iine protagonist mumwechete asingapokane: Vézère Valley, muDordogne-Périgord, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFrance. Mukati memakiromita mashoma pane mamwe akanyanya kukosha prehistoric nzvimbo muEurope, nzvimbo yemawere, mapako akashongedzwa uye matumba ematombo akabvumira kuvakwazve kwemazana ezviuru zvemakore ekuvapo kwevanhu.
Iyi kona yeNew Aquitaine, inozivikanwa se Mupata weMunhuIyo inosanganisa yakasarudzika nhaka yekuchera matongo, inotungamira mamuseum, troglodyte misha, uye UNESCO-yakachengetedzwa zvakasikwa. Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo idzo dzekuchera matongo dzinomira kuve chimwe chinhu chiri kure uye chinova chiitiko chaicho: iwe unofamba pasi pematombo mamwe ematombo aimbogarwa neNeanderthals neCro-Magnons, shanyira replicas yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzemapako seLascaux, uye woona kuti iyo sainzi yeprehistory yakavakwa sei.
Mupata wakakosha weFrance kune prehistory yevanhu
Mumoyo wePérigord, the Vézère valley Inotambanuka kweanenge makiromita makumi mana, inoratidzwa nematombo eraimu, mahombe ematombo, uye mapako echisikigo akachengetedza vanhu vakatevedzana kwemakore anopfuura 400.000. Hazvina kuitika kuti UNESCO yakabatanidza gumi neshanu emapako ayo uye nzvimbo dzePaleolithic paWorld Heritage List muna 1979.
Izvi zvinotevera zvakaitwa munzvimbo ino mazana ePaleolithic nzvimboPamusoro pemapako akawanda uye matumba ematombo ane hunyanzvi hwemapako, kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakakura dzekare dzakavharwa, dzakawanda dzenzvimbo idzi dzinogona kushanyirwa, zvichiita kuti mupata uve wakasarudzika kune avo vanoda kunzwisisa kushanduka kwevanhu muEurope pachavo.
Kupfuura mapako ane mukurumbira, iyo Vézère inomira kunze kwayo matumba chaiwoAya matombo makuru ematombo anokwira pamusoro pemupata, achigadzira "mavharanda" akadzivirirwa kubva kumhepo nemvura, ndizvo chaizvo zvimiro zvenzvimbo idzi, kwete mukati memukati memapako. Yakanga iri munzvimbo idzi dzematombo kuti dzakawanda dzemisasa yakazaruka yeNeanderthals uye vanhu vemazuva ano yakasimbiswa panguva yeUpper Paleolithic.
Kusiyana kwemupata uyu hakusi kwekuchera matongo chete. Kubva 2012, Rwizi rweVézère, sechikamu cheDordogne, chave chikamu che Biosphere Reserve Iyo UNESCO World Heritage Site inotenderedza iyo yakakura rwizi system yedunhu. Uyezve, zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvemupata zvinosanganisirwa muEuropean Natura 2000 network, iyo inosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza uye nzvimbo.
Iyi nharaunda yakaropafadzwa, nekubatanidzwa kwayo kwe prehistory uye zvisikwaYakakurudzirawo kukura kwakakosha kwezviitiko zvekushanya kwetsika: nzira dzakamaka, nzvimbo dzekuturikira, mamuseum ereferenzi uye rwendo rwunotungamirirwa izvo zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti chii chakaita kuti nzvimbo iyi ive yakakosha kumadzitateguru edu.
Les Eyzies uye mwoyo weMupata weMunhu
Kana pane imwe nzvimbo inomiririra prehistory muFrance, ndizvo Les Eyzies-de-TayacInowanzonzi "guta guru renyika yePrehistory", iri pakati pemawere anoyevedza uye Rwizi rweVézère, guta diki iri rinogara kuNational Museum yePrehistory, nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzekuchera matongo dzakavhurika kune veruzhinji, uye yepamusoro-yepamusoro nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa uye ruzivo.
Guta racho pacharo riri mujinga mavo matumba ematombo iyo yakadzivirira mapoka evavhimi-vaunganidzi panguva yePleistocene. Kunyange nhasi, dzimba zhinji dzeMiddle Ages uye zvivako zvemazuva ano zvinoisa matenga azvo padombo, chiyeuchidzo cheukama hwakananga pakati penyika nekugara kwevanhu kwakatanga kare.
Kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, kuchera kwakafanana nekwa Les Eyzies muna 1893 kwakaisa nzvimbo iyi pakati pemepu yepasirese yekuchera matongo. Makiyi anowanikwa ipapo uye munzvimbo dziri pedyo akatowana zita prehistoric nguva: the Mousterian (akatumidzwa zita reLe Moustier), akabatana neNeanderthals, kana Magdalenian (akatumidzwa zita reLa Madeleine), akafunga zera regoridhe reEuropean Upper Paleolithic.
Nhoroondo yemazuva ano yemupata inoratidzwa nemufananidzo waDenis Peyrony, mudzidzisi wechikoro uye ane shungu dzezvokuchera matongo, uyo pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 akazvitsaurira hupenyu hwake. chengetedza uye dzidza masaiti yedunhu. Nekuda kwekuedza kwavo, zvimedu zvakawanda zvakasarudzika hazvina kupedzisira zvapararira mumiunganidzwa yakasarudzika kana mamuseum ekunze, uye nheyo dzakateyirwa yechokwadi "prehistoric tourism".
Kubva muna 1920, a Tourism office Yakatarisana nekushanya kumapako nedzimba dzematombo, nzvimbo gumi nembiri dzekuchera matongo dzakavhura mikova yavo kune veruzhinji. Panguva imwecheteyo, Peyrony akakurudzira matanho ekutanga emutemo kumisa kutengeswa kwekodzero dzekuchera uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwehunyanzvi hunotakurika uye art yedombo kune kuunganidzwa kwega.
National Museum of Prehistory: ndangariro ye400.000 makore
El National Museum yePrehistory Iyo Les Eyzies Museum ndiyo yakakosha kumira kuti unzwisise kuti sei mupata uyu weFrance wakakosha kunhoroondo yevanhu. Pakutanga yaigara mumatongo enhare yenzvimbo, yakawanikwa neHurumende muna 1913 nekuda kwekusimbirira kwaPeyrony, museum wakawedzerwa nechivakwa chemazuva ano chakabatanidzwa mudombo, chakavhurwa muna 2004.
Nhasi ndiyo huru science reference centre Iyi museum yakatsaurirwa kudzidza kweFrench prehistory uye, panguva imwecheteyo, inzvimbo yakasarudzika yedzidzo yakagadzirirwa kukwezva kune vese nyanzvi uye neruzhinji. Kuunganidzwa kwaro kunotora makore anopfuura 400.000 ekuvapo kwevanhu munharaunda, kubva pakugara kwekutanga kwearchaic hominids kusvika kumagumo ePaleolithic nguva.
Magaraji ayo anoteedzera kusimukira kwehunyanzvi hwevanhu panguva yeLate Pleistocene, pakati pemakore angangoita 120.000 ne10.000 apfuura. Vashanyi vanogona kuona maturusi ematombo akaomesesa, zvisaririra zvemhuka dzine glacial senge reindeer, bison, uye gigantic Megaceros, pamwe ne zvakavezwa mumapfupa nomudzungu ine hunyoro hunobvisa stereotype yeasina kuchena uye asina kuchena "caveman".
Zvidimbu zveIconic zvinomira pachena, senge mabifaces akavezwa, anoonekwa seachokwadi "Swiss Army mapanga" emadzitateguru edu, kana bison yakakurumbira mune inonanzva pose, yakavezwa mumapfupa, iyo inoratidza unyanzvi hwekunzwa uye unyanzvi hwokucherechedza hwemapoka iwayo evavhimi.
Iyo museum zvakare inoratidza basa remupata weVézère se utiziro munguva dzechando ye Quaternary. Munhambo dzinotonhora zvikurusa, apo nzvimbo huru dzeEurope dzakanga dzakafukidzwa neaizi kana kuti pasi pemamiriro okunze akashata, iyi mipata yenzizi yaipa migariro yakati kuti yakashata zvikuru, ichirerutsa kurarama kwavanhu nemhuka.
Chikamu chakakosha chekushanya chakatsaurirwa kune Neanderthals uye Homo sapiens. Kuburikidza nekuvigwa, maturusi ematombo, uye zvinhu zvekufananidzira, iyo museum inoratidza kuti mapoka ese ari maviri akavandudza sei maitiro akawedzera kuoma: Neanderthal funerary maitiro kubva makore angangoita 100,000 apfuura ... 80.000 makoreInotakurika uye parietal art yakabatana kune anatomically vanhu vemazuva ano kweanoda kusvika 40.000 makore, uye humbowo hwekuwedzera kwehunyanzvi matekinoroji.
Mukuwedzera, iyo museum inotarisira kushanya kune Pataud CoatNzvimbo yakakosha yekuchera matongo muLes Eyzies inogona kushanyirwa netikiti rakasanganiswa. Nzvimbo iyi zvakare ine zviratidziro zvenguva pfupi, zviitiko zvedzidzo, uye zviwanikwa zveaudiovisual zvinobatsira kuona zvese zvezuva nezuva hupenyu hwePaleolithic uye nhoroondo yekutsvagisa kwekuchera matongo mudunhu.
Abri Cromagnon, Abrigo Pataud naLaugerie-Basse: hupenyu pasi pedombo
Nharaunda yakatenderedza Les Eyzies imusha kune mamwe ematombo anomisikidzwa zvikuru muVézère Valley, ayo anopa mufananidzo chaiwo wemararamiro eUpper Paleolithic mapoka evavhimi-vaunganidzi. Pakati pavo, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha: Abri Cromagnon, iyo Pataud Shelter uye iyo Laugerie-Basse saiti.
Iyo Abri Cromagnon ine zita rayo kumuridzi wenyika uko, muzana ramakore rechi 19, mapfupa mashanu ekutanga evanhu vemazuva ano anotomically akawanikwa, ayo aizotumidzwa zita rake. "Cro-Magnon murume"Mazana mashoma emamita kure inzvimbo yePataud, chiyeuchidzo chekuti mhuka dzedu dzakadanwa chimwe chinhu: "Cropataud", kana kuwanikwa kwekutanga kwakaramba kwakabatana nenzvimbo iri pedyo.
El Pataud CoatIyo saiti, inozivikanwa seReindeer Hunters 'Shelter, nhasi inzvimbo yemuenzaniso yekunzwisisa stratigraphic kutevedzana kweUpper Paleolithic. Zvikamu zvaro zvekuchera matongo zvinoratidza mabasa anotevedzana, shanduko muhunyanzvi hwekubvuta, humbowo hwemoto, masara emapfupa, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinotaurira nyaya yezviuru zvemakore ekuvapo kwevanhu.
Kune chikamu chayo, Laugerie-Basse inopa maonero akajeka ekuti aya mahombe ematombo akaumbwa sei pasi pemawere. Firimu re 3D rinotsanangura rockfall dynamics yakabatana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvakaita kuti matombo makuru adonhe uye panguva imwechete akagadzira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakakwana pakumisa misasa pazasi pemadziro.
Munguva yerwendo rwekutungamirwa rweLaugerie-Basse, vashanyi vanogona kutsvaga iyo stratigraphy yemateki eiyo lithic indasitiri, mapfupa, nzvimbo dzinosara, uye humwe humbowo hwekugara. Kunyangwe mazhinji ezvimedu zvinokatyamadza zvave kugara mumamyuziyamu kutenderera pasirese, saiti inoramba yakakosha pakunzwisisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva pasi pejasiZvinyorwa zveshiri, hove, mufananidzo unobvira womukadzi ane pamuviri, uye kunyange nondo yakavezwa iyo vamwe vanodudzira sechitoyi zvakanyorwa.
Dzimba idzi dzematombo dzakanga dzisingashandiswi sehutizirowo zvadzo: dzaipa ivhu rakaoma uye rine mwero, rairaira maonero pamusoro pomupata wacho nokuda kwokutarisisa mhuka dzesango nenjodzi dzingangoitika, uye nzvimbo yakakwana yokumisa matende, nzvimbo dzebasa, nzvimbo dzokubikira zvokudya, kana kuti nzvimbo dzokusangana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, senge kuLaugerie-Basse, makomba akakwira akaonekwa angadai akashanda se watchtowers kunyange munguva dzepakati, semuenzaniso mukutarisana nekupambwa kweViking.
Nzira yakazara yekuongorora masaiti aya ndeyekutevera yakanyorwa inonzi "Boucle de la Micoque", yekutanga. Prehistoric Path yenzvimbo. Iyi nzira yemakiromita masere kana gumi nemashanu inobatanidza Cromagnon Rock Shelter, Pataud Rock Shelter, National Museum yePrehistory, Laugerie-Haute uye Laugerie-Basse, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekufarira. Iyo inzira yakanaka yekubatanidza nzvimbo, zvinyoro kurovedza muviri, uye archeology.
Font-de-Gaume, Combarelles uye rock art yeVézère
Chimwe chezvikuru zvinokwezva zvemupata weVézère mukana wekusvika pedyo mapako epakutanga ane art yedomboPamusoro pemusha weLes Eyzies pane Font-de-Gaume, yekupedzisira polychrome bako pendi yakavhurika kune veruzhinji muFrance. Nekuda kwekusasimba kwayo, nhamba yevashanyi paboka idiki kwazvo, uye kubhuka kumberi kwakakosha.
MuFont-de-Gaume, anopfuura mazana maviri akapendwa neakatemerwa manhamba akachengetedzwa, mazhinji acho anotangira kuma200 BC. 14.000 makoreBison, mabhiza, nedzimwe mhuka dzinoita sedzinorarama mukusviba kwebako, nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwevanyori vePaleolithic kutora mukana wematombo ematombo echisikigo uye kuvhenekera kwemwenje.
Chinhambwe chipfupi kure kune bako reCombarelles, rine mukurumbira nekuwanda kwayo prehistoric engravingsPano hunyanzvi husina ruvara, asi husingashamisi: mazana ezviumbwa zvakarukwa zvakatsetseka pamadziro, mazhinji acho achingoonekwa nekunyatsoiswa padivi mwenje. Kushanya kunowanzo mumapoka madiki kwazvo, achipa chiitiko chepedyo uye chakanangana.
Munzvimbo yeDordogne Valley, mamwe mapako akashongedzwa akawanikwa muzana ramakore rechi20, uko kugara kwevanhu kwave kwakanyorwa pakati pe30.000 ne18.000-20.000 makore apfuura. Zviitiko zvemunguva yakapfuura zvinoratidzwa pamadziro avo. Pleistocene fauna sekuzivikanwa kwayaiitwa nevagari venzvimbo iyi, ine iconographic hupfumi hunoramba huchishamisa vaongorori.
Uku kuunganidzwa kwenzvimbo kunoita kuti Vézère valley ive imwe yeayo boka rekutanga re paleolithic nzvimbo ye parietal art inozivikanwa neUNESCO. Yakanga iri, chaizvoizvo, boka rekutanga rePaleolithic nzvimbo nemapako akashongedzwa kuti agamuchire World Heritage kusiyana, kucherechedzwa kwezvose zviri zviviri kukosha kweunyanzvi uye kukosha kwesayenzi kwekunzwisisa kwakabva kufananidzira kwevanhu.
Lascaux uye kusimuka kweparietal art
Kana paine zita rimwechete rakabatana neFrench bako art, ndere lascauxBako rakakurumbira rakawanikwa muna 1940 nevamwe vechidiki pedyo neMontignac. Kunyangwe iri kure kure kuchamhembe kwechikamu chepakati cheVézère, inoumba chikamu chetsika imwechete uye geographical universe sedzimwe nzvimbo dziri muVallée du Homme (Mupata weMunhu).
Bako rekutanga raifanirwa kuvharwa kuruzhinji muna 1963 nekuda kwekuparara kwemifananidzo, asi nhasi inogona kushanyirwa nekuda kwevakawanda. high-precision replicasLascaux II ndiyo yaive yekutanga kuburitswa zvishoma, iri padyo nebako rechokwadi. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Lascaux IV, iyo International Center yeCave Art, yakavhurwa, ichipa kutandara kwakazara kweiyo yakashongedzwa yakaoma.
Nzvimbo yemazuva ano iyi haisi yekungotevedzera magaraji ekutanga: inosanganisa imba yekupirikira kuti inzwisise zviri kuitika, nzvimbo yekuratidzira, bhaisikopo, imba diki, nenzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi. Pfungwa ndeyokuti vashanyi vanogona kunzwisisa kuti sei Lascaux inowanzoonekwa seyo "Sistine Chapel" yePaleolithic art, nekuwanda kwakasiyana kwenhamba, maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye kuumbwa kwenzvimbo.
Sechikamu cherwendo kuburikidza neVézère Valley, kushanya kuMontignac-Lascaux kunopedzisa mufananidzo wedombo redunhu. Iwo muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti France yakazvipira sei kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yekutanga ichipawo zviitiko zvinonyudza zvemhando yepamusoro kuruzhinji rwevanhu.
Rouffignac uye bako remammoth zana
Rimwe bako rinozivikanwa munzvimbo yeVézère mupata ndiro Rouffignac bakoinonyanya kuzivikanwa se "bako remazana mammoths". Magaraji ayo anowedzera kweanopfuura makiromita masere, uye kushanya kunoitwa muchitima chidiki chemagetsi chinoratidza kutariswa kukuru kwebako art.
Chii chinoita kuti Rouffignac ive yakasarudzika ndeye kuwanda kwemifananidzo mikuru: Vanhu 158 vakarekodhwa vakatemerwa kana kudhirowa pamadziro nepasirin’i, izvo zvinomiririra chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemifananidzo yose yemhuka iyi yakanyorwa mumapako 350 anozivikanwa akashongedzwa eWestern Europe.
Zvinoshamisa nokuti, pasinei nekuvapo kwayo nguva dzose mukufungidzira kwedu pamwe chete, mammoth yakanga iri nyaya isina kumiririrwa pakati pePaleolithic artists, vaiita sevanoda mabhiza, bison, kana zvimwe zvipembenene. Rouffignac iri, mupfungwa iyi, a rabhoritari yakanaka kudzidza kuti madingindira aisarudzwa sei uye nziyo dzairongwa.
Kuwedzera kune mammoth manhamba, dzimwe mhuka uye abstract zviratidzo zvinoonekwa muRouffignac, pamwe nehumbowo hwechinyakare macherechedzo emunwe pane ivhu rakapfava redenga. Zvese izvi zvinopa yakasarudzika hwindo mukati me kugona kugadzira yeavo mapoka evavhimi-vaunganidzi kubva kumagumo ePaleolithic.
La Madeleine uye La-Roque-Saint-Christophe: troglodyte nzvimbo
Chikamu chepakati cheVézère chinochengetedzawo zvinoshamisa troglodyte misha nemisha Aya masayiti anoratidza kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwematombo ematombo munguva dzenhoroondo. Mumwe wemienzaniso inonyanya kukosha inzvimbo yeLa Madeleine, mudunhu reTursac, iyo inopa zita rayo kuMagdalenian nguva yeUpper Paleolithic.
La Madeleine ndomumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisa yekugara kwenguva refu kwedombo rimwechete, uko kuvhima nekugadzira maturusi zvakanyorwa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekutaura uye, mazana emakore gare gare, zvivakwa zvekare zvakavakwa padombo. Kuongorora saiti ino kunobvumira munhu kuti anzwisise kuti nzvimbo imwe chete inogona kuvandudzwa sei pamusoro pemireniya.
Kusiri kure kunokwira mawere anoyevedza e La-Roque-Saint-ChristopheInoonekwa seimwe yeakakura troglodyte complexes muEurope. Iyo irefu refu yelimestone escarpment, iine akati wandei mazinga epamusoro akaturikidzana echisikigo, yakatarisana neRwizi Vézère uye yakagarwa ingangoramba ichiitwa kubva prehistory kuenda kuRenaissance.
Traces of Neanderthal uye Cro-Magnon basapamwe chete nemasvingo, dzimba dzekugara dzemawere, uye zvivakwa zvinodzivirira zvekare. Mapanera anotsanangura, mamodheru, uye firimu re3D zvinobatsira vashanyi kunzwisisa kuti hupenyu hwaive hwakarongwa sei mu "musha wemawere" panguva dzakasiyana.
Munguva yekushanya, iwe unogona kuona kuvakwazve kwemidziyo yekusimudza senge "squirrel cage"Hunyanzvi hune hungwaru hwakavakirwa pasimba remunhu, kana mawinji nema crane anotenderera anoshandiswa kusimudza zvinhu uye zvinhu kubva mumupata kuenda kumateru epamusoro. Zvichienderana nemwaka, zviratidzo zvinoshanda zvezvirongwa izvi zvinopiwa.
Abri du Poisson uye kuchengetedzwa kweparietal art
Pakati pemakona mazhinji akangwara emupata weVézère, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena: Hove Hove, gomba diki rine mukurumbira nekugara imwe yezvakambozivikanwa zvinomiririra hove mune prehistoric art: salmon yakavezwa zvine hungwaru padombo resirin'i.
Kuwanwa kwouyu betsero muna 1912 kwakapotsa kwapera zvakashata. Vatsvaki vekutanga vakaedza kucheka dombo rine mufananidzo kuti vatengese kune muunganidzi wekunze, izvo zvingadai zvakaparadza mamiriro ekuchera matongo. Kutenda kupindira nekukurumidza kwaDenis Peyrony, Hurumende yeFrance yakanyengetedzwa kuita chiito. rongedza uye chengetedza jasi munguva pfupi yakasarudzika, isingaite mwedzi mitatu.
Iye Abri du Poisson nokudaro akava iye yekutanga yakachengetedzwa zviri pamutemo parietal art saiti MuFrance, inomiririra chiitiko chenhoroondo mukuchengetedzwa kwe prehistoric nhaka. Nhasi, kushanya kunodzorwa uye kunoda kubhuka kumberi, kunyatso chengetedza zvese zviri zviviri zororo resalmon uye kutetepa chiyero chemukati memicroclimate.
Ichi chiitiko chinopfupisa makakatanwa akaperekedza sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo kubva kwayakabva: kufadzwa nezvakawanikwa uye shuviro yekuzviunganidza, maringe nezvinodiwa vachengetedze vari panzvimbo uye kuona kuti dzinoramba dziripo dzekutsvagisa uye dzidzo yeruzhinji.
Vézère Valley, UNESCO, biosphere uye Great Site yeFrance
Mukurumbira weVézère Valley unosvika kure kupfuura mapako ayo akashongedzwa. Sechikamu cheDordogne river system, yanga iri nhengo ye [sangano risina kutaurwa] kubvira 2012. Biosphere Reserve yakakura muFrance, uye yechipiri pakukura muEurope maererano nerwizi rwizi, ine inenge 24.000 km² yakachengetedzwa.
Iyo EPIDOR (Établissement Public Territorial du Bassin de la Dordogne) nzvimbo yeruzhinji inzvimbo inoona nezvekutonga kwakanaka kwenzvimbo ino inochengeterwa, kuwiriranisa kuchengetedzwa kwe ecosystem nekushandiswa kwevhu revanhu. Mukati megadziriro iyi, iyo Vézère uye mamwe ematunhu ayo, senge Beunes valleys, akabatanidzwa mune network. Natura 2000 nekuda kwenzvimbo dzavo dzekugara dzisina kusimba, senge peat bogs kana mibhedha.
Nzvimbo idzi dzinogamuchira marudzi akachengetedzwa zvakadai seotter, the salamander, kana mamwe mashavishavi asingawanzowaniki, akafanana neanozivikanwa se "copperhead of the marshes." Nzira dzekududzira dzinobvumira vashanyi kuti vaongorore nharaunda idzi pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedza kwavo, vachibatanidza kucherechedzwa kwemhuka nemaruva netsananguro pamusoro penzvimbo uye nhoroondo yenzvimbo.
Muna 2020, mupata weVézère wakagamuchirawo zita re "Grand Site de France"Musiyano uyu unopihwa kune nzvimbo dzenhaka dzakakosha dzakashandisa chengetedzo yenguva refu uye mitemo yekutarisira vashanyi. Ichi chisimbiso chinocherekedza kuedza kwakaitwa nevakuru venzvimbo nevematunhu kuyananisa kushanya, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye kuchengetedza.
Mhedzisiro inzvimbo iyo inogoneka nzira dzekufambaIwe unogona kuenda kuchikepe, kushanyira misha inotsanangurwa seimwe yeakanyanya kunaka muFrance, kana kuongorora mapindu nenhare, zvese uchiyeuka kuti uri kufamba nepakati penzvimbo iyo prehistory yakasiya mucherechedzo wakadzama.
Mamiriro makuru echiFrench: kubva kuMoulin Quignon kuenda kuMandrin
Kunyangwe mupata weVézère uine dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzekuchera matongo, iyo Nhoroondo yevanhu muFrance Inotambanukira mundima yose. Mienzaniso miviri ichangoburwa, Moulin Quignon kuchamhembe uye Bako reMandrin mumupata weRhône, inobatsira kuenzanisa basa reVézère muhurongwa hwakakura.
Kuchamhembe kweFrance, mubazi reSomme, nzvimbo ye Moulin Quignon Iyo saiti muAbbeville yaizivikanwa kubva muzana ramakore rechi 19, asi yakange yave kukanganwa kusvika yawanikwazve muna 2017 nechikwata kubva kuCNRS uye National Museum of Natural History. Mumagadheni ekuvandudzwa kwedzimba dzemazuva ano, vanochera matongo vakawana rwizi rwekare rwizi uko maturusi eAcheulean akanyorwa.
Kuchera kutsva uku kwakafukunura zvinhu zvinodarika mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu, zvinosanganisira mabifaces mashanu kana mbezo dzemaoko, dzakanyorwa pakati. 670.000 uye 650.000 makoreIzvi zvakawanikwa zvinoita kuti Moulin Quignon ive saiti yekare kwazvo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEurope ine mabifaces akabatana, uye zvinosundidzira kumashure humbowo hwekutanga hwekugarwa kwevanhu mudunhu iri nemakore angangoita 150.000.
Migumisiro, yakabudiswa mumagazini Scientific Reports, inosimbisa kuti tsika dzepamusoro dzetekinoroji dzakadai se Acheulean industry Vakanga varipo kuchamhembe kweEurope panguva inodokuva imwe cheteyo sokumaodzanyemba (Italy, Spain, pakati peFrance), uko mabasa anotangira shure anopfuura makore 600 000 anozivikanwa. Iwo mahominini ane hukama nemaindasitiri aya, pamwe Homo heidelbergensis, angadai akakwanisa kuchinjika kune yakakwirira latitude makore 670,000-650.000 apfuura, uye kwete chete panguva yekunyorovesa kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, panguva iyi, Mandrin CaveIri pamusoro pechikomo chakatarisana neRhône Valley, anenge 140 makiromita kuchamhembe kweMarseille, saiti iyi ichangobva kupa inonakidza kuona kwekugarisana uye kupindirana kweNeanderthals nevanhu vemazuva ano. Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muScience Advances chinotsanangura zvisaririra zveHomo sapiens uye maturusi ane hukama nemhando iyi akapindirana neNeanderthal akajeka.
Kufambidzana kunoisa vamwe veava vanhu vemazuva ano vanosara kutenderera 1000 BC 54.000 makoreKuwanikwa uku kwakatanga makore angangoita 10 000 apfuura pane zvaimbofungidzirwa kusvika kweHomo sapiens munzvimbo zhinji dzeEurope (kunze kwezvimwe zvakawanikwa muGreece). Kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu, vatsvakurudzi vakachera neunyanzvi mativi ebako, vachisiyanisa zviuru zvezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinogona kunzi zvakaitwa neNeanderthals kana kuti kuvanhu vemazuva ano.
Pakati pezvishandiso zvakabatana neHomo sapiens, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena: matipiMaturusi ematombo ane hunyanzvi anoshandiswa semapfumo, mapanga, kana scrapers. Zvinhu zvakafanana zvikuru, zvezera rimwe chete, zvakawanikwa makiromita 3.000 kure muLebanon yanhasi, zvichiratidza kuti mapoka evanhu vemazuva ano vane vakagovana tsika yezvinhu Vakakwanisa kufamba vachitevedza Mediterranean.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina kuchinjana kwakajeka kwetsika pakati peNeanderthals neHomo sapiens kusati kwaonekwa kuMandrin, kukurumidza kwekuchinjana kwekugara kwebako (mune dzimwe nguva, mugore rimwe chete) kunoratidza kusimba kwakaoma kwevanoshamwaridzana, kutsiva, uye kugoneka kugarisana. Sekureva kwevanyori vezvidzidzo, Rwizi rweRhône rungadai rwakashanda seimwe yenzira huru dzekutsinhana. migratory corridors yenyika yekare, inobatanidza gungwa reMediterranean nepakati peEurope.
Mamwe epasi pevhu: Pech Merle, Padirac uye Roti
Beyond Dordogne-Périgord, kumaodzanyemba kweFrance inopa chaiyo network ye mapako, magomba uye nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo iyo inopedzisa mosaic ye prehistory yevanhu mudunhu. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzinoshamisa dzakanangidzirwa mudhipatimendi rakavakidzana reRoti.
Bako re Pech Merle Iyo inozivikanwa nePaleolithic mubako pendi, ine mapikicha emabhiza ane mavara, asina kunaka anotsikisa maoko, uye mamwe motifs akapfumisa iyo iconographic repertoire yeEuropean bako art. Kushanya uku kunobatanidza tsananguro nezve geology yebako nekufungisisa kweiyo prehistoric manhamba.
Kufarirwa kwakawanda kweRoti kuri maari karst landscapes kudzika. Padirac Abyss pamwe ndiwo muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa: shaft yakakura kwazvo inopa mukana kune network yepasi pevhu inofambiswa nerwizi rwunofambika, rwunosvikika nechikepe. Kunyange zvazvo kufarira kwayo kuri kwe geological uye kutaridzika zvakanaka, nharaunda yairi inoumba chikamu chechimiro chimwechete chekugara kwevanhu kwenguva refu kunoratidza dunhu.
Mamwe mapako akavhurirwa vashanyi mudunhu reRoti, akadai seLacave, Casi, kana Carbonnières, anopa makamuri akazadzwa necalcareous concretions, stalactites, uye stalagmites, nepo nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo dzakaita se Les Fieux nzvimbo yekuchera matongo Vanotibvumira kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kuti mapoka evanhu akashandisa sei mapako akadzika uye mamwe matumba akazaruka muPaleolithic yose.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chimwe chete ichi, inonzi pterosaur beach, inzvimbo umo mafossilized footprints eMesozoic flying reptile akachengetedzwa, uchapupu hwokuti nhoroondo ye geological yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFrance ndeyekare zvikuru kupfuura nhoroondo yevanhu pachayo.
Iyi network yese yemipata yenzizi, mapako akashongedzwa, matumba ematombo uye troglodyte nzvimbo inoita kuti Vézère mupata nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza ive imwe nhanho dzakanakisa munyika Kutevera nzira yenhoroondo yevanhu: kubva kune yekutanga bifaces yeMoulin Quignon kusvika kune hunyanzvi hunyanzvi hweLascaux, tichipfuura nekugarisana kweNeanderthals neHomo sapiens muMandrin, dunhu rinoratidza nenzira ine muenzaniso kuti nhoroondo yedu yekare yakavakwa sei uye sei, panguva imwe chete, takadzidza kuidzivirira uye kugovana neavo Mandrin nhasi.