Mepu dzacho mifananidzo yakajeka zvinokosha kuti tinzwisise nyika yakatipoteredza. Tinotenda kwavari, tinokwanisa kuona zvese kubva kumamiriro enzvimbo kusvika kumapato ezvematongerwo enyika. Kune marudzi akasiyana emepu, imwe neimwe iine chinangwa chaicho. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mamapu chaiwo, the mepu dzezvematongerwo enyika nemamwe marudzi emamepu anoshandiswa muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana.
Mamepu chaiwo
ari mamapu chaiwo Vanoratidza maitiro echisikigo epasi pePasi. Tinogona kuona zvinhu zvakaita semakomo, nzizi, madziva, mipata uye, kazhinji, iyo Geographic relief. Mamepu aya maturusi akakosha mukudzidza kwenzvimbo yemuviri, sezvo achibvumira masayendisiti nevatsvaguri kuti vaone zvakajeka maumbirwo nekukwirira kwenzvimbo, pasina kuvhiringidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kana miganhu yevanhu.
Inoshandiswa mavara chaiwo kumiririra kureba kana kudzika kwenzvimbo idzi: toni dzakasvibira dzinowanzo shandiswa kunzvimbo dzakadzika uye mapani, nepo matani ebrown uye kusiyana kwawo kwakasiyana kunoratidza makomo nepamusoro. Nekuda kwavo, the mitumbi yemvura, zvakadai semakungwa nenzizi, zvinowanzomiririrwa nemumvuri webhuruu, nzvimbo dzakadzika dzichiita sedzakasviba.
Pamusoro pemavara, zvakajairika kuwana pamamepu aya mitsara miviri, inonziwo isolines. Aya macurve anobatanidza mapoinzi ehupamhi hwakaenzana uye anobatsira vaverengi kunyatsodudzira kutsetseka uye kusiyanisa kwenzvimbo. Rudzi urwu rweruzivo rwakakosha kana uchitsvaga kuongorora topographical maficha kana kuronga kuvaka mune imwe nzvimbo.
Mamepu ezvematongerwo enyika
ari mepu dzezvematongerwo enyika, pane kudaro, tarisa pakukamukana kunoitwa nevanhu. Izvi zvinoratidzira miganhu pakati penyika, nyika kana mapurovhinzi, izvo zvinovaita zvakakosha maturusi ekunzwisisa geopolitical sangano repasi. Nyika imwe neimwe kana dunhu rinomiririrwa neruvara rwakasiyana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuziva nekusiyanisa.
Pamusoro pekukamukana kwezvematongerwo enyika, mepu idzi dzinowanzoratidza maguta anokosha, kushandisa zvibodzwa kana zviratidzo zvinosiyana muhukuru, zvichienderana nekukosha kwemaguta. Saizvozvo, ivo vanowanzo sanganisira nzira dzakakosha dzezvivakwa, senge migwagwa kana njanji, izvo zvinobatsira zvakanyanya mukugovera uye zvidzidzo zvekufambisa pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana.
ari mepu dzezvematongerwo enyika Izvo hazvina kukosha chete pakudzidza kwe geography, asiwo pakunzwisisa zvinhu zvakadai se international trade, hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika kana kukakavara pakati penyika. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kushandiswa kwemamepu aya kwakakosha muzvidzidzo zvakaita segeopolitics.
Misiyano pakati pemepu yenyama neyezvematongerwo enyika
Mamepu enyama nezvematongerwo enyika ane nzira dzakasiyana, asi ese ari maviri akakosha pakunzwisisa kuzere kwenyika. Ngatitarisei misiyano mikuru:
- Chinangwa: Mamepu enyama anotarisa pane zvakasikwa geography, nepo mamepu ezvematongerwo enyika achiratidzira miganhu uye kupatsanurana kwakagadzirwa nevanhu.
- Mumiriri wekuona: Mepu dzenyama dzinoshandisa mavara kuratidza kukwirira nekudzika, nepo mamepu ezvematongerwo enyika anoshandisa mavara akasiyana kupatsanura nyika nematunhu.
- Zvinhu zvinoratidzwa: Mepu dzinooneka dzinoratidza zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita semakomo nenzizi, nepo mepu dzezvematongerwo enyika dzichisimbisa mazita emaguta, misoro, uye miganhu.
Mhando mbiri dzemepu dzinoshandiswa muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Nepo mamepu enyama ari akakosha mukati geology y geography, mamepu ezvematongerwo enyika maturusi akakosha muzvidzidzo pa geopolitics y nyaya dzepasi rose.
Mamwe marudzi emamepu
Pamusoro pemepu dzenyama nedzezvematongerwo enyika, kune mamwe marudzi emamepu akagadzirirwa chinangwa chaicho. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:
- Mamipu emamiriro ekunze: Vanokamura nyika kuita matunhu zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze adzo akanyanya. Aya mamepu akakosha kuti unzwisise zvakasiyana mamiriro ekunze uye kuti dzinokanganisa sei nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.
- Geological mepu: Vanotarisa pakumiririra kuumbwa kwepasi, semhando dzakasiyana dzematombo uye mineral deposits. Iwo akakosha mumigodhi uye geological research.
- Topographic mepu: Vanopa zororo renzvimbo mune zvakadzama, vachishandisa mitsetse ye contour kuratidza hurefu uye shanduko pamusoro. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muinjiniya, zvivakwa uye kuronga kwemadhorobha.
- Linguistic mepu: Ivo vanoratidza kugoverwa kwemitauro kana madimikira munharaunda yenzvimbo, vachipa ruzivo rwemitauro uye tsika dzakasiyana.
La mapping yakashanduka nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zvichibvumira kuti pave netsanangudzo dzakarurama uye dzakadzama. Nhasi, mepu dzinoita basa rakakosha munzvimbo dzakawanda, dzakadai sesainzi, kushanya uye kuronga kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mepu yega yega ine mashandisiro ayo uye kuti, zvichienderana neruzivo rwaunoda kuwana kana kugovera, mhando yemepu yekushandisa inosiyana. Mamepu akadai seaya enyama neamatongerwo enyika anopa nzira mbiri dzinopindirana pasirese, imwe yechisikigo uye imwe yemunhu, zvichifambisa kunzwisisa kwakakura kwepasi.